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dans le même temps, il paraît en fascicules mensuels avec des illustrations de Phiz, et aux États-Unis dans Harper's Weekly, mais avec un léger décalage (de mai à décembre 1859).\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Eine Geschichte aus zwei Städten (Originaltitel: A Tale of Two Cities) ist ein historischer Roman von Charles Dickens aus dem Jahr 1859. Er gehört zu den berühmtesten Werken der Weltliteratur.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Historia de dos ciudades es una de las novelas del escritor británico Charles Dickens, publicada en 1859. Esta novela es particularmente distinta a las demás que escribió, las cuales se basan en su mayoría en historias protagonizadas por niños o adolescentes y muestran una intención de reprimenda o denuncia de la sociedad británica de la época. En esta novela histórica se narra la vida en el siglo XVIII, en la época de la Revolución francesa.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"A Tale of Two Cities (1859) is a novel by Charles Dickens, set in London and Paris before and during the French Revolution. The novel depicts the plight of the French peasantry demoralized by the French aristocracy in the years leading up to the revolution, the corresponding brutality demonstrated by the revolutionaries toward the former aristocrats in the early years of the revolution, and many unflattering social parallels with life in London during the same period. It follows the lives of several characters through these events. A Tale of Two Cities was published in weekly installments from April 1859 to November 1859 in Dickens's new literary periodical titled All the Year Round. All but three of Dickens's previous novels had appeared only as monthly installments.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'قصة مدينتين (بالإنجليزية: A Tale of Two Cities) هي الرواية التاريخية الثانية للكاتب تشارلز ديكنز، تدور أحداثها في لندن، إنجلترا وباريس، فرنسا خلال أحداث الثورة الفرنسية.الرواية تصوّر محنة الطبقة العاملة الفرنسية تحت القمع الوحشى للأرستقراطية الفرنسية خلال السنوات التي قادت إلى الثورة، والوحشية التي مارسها الثوريون ضد الأرستقراطيين في السنوات الأولى للثورة.الرواية تتبع حياة بعض الأشخاص خلال تلك الأحداث، أشهرهم في الرواية هو تشارلز دارنى، أحد الأرستقراطيين الفرنسيين، الذي يقع ضحية للثورة العمياء التي لم تميز بين الخير والشر برغم شخصيته الطيبة، وسيدنى كارتون، المحام الانجليزى السكير، الذي يضحى بحياته لأجل حبه لزوجة دارنى، لوسى مانيت.هذه الرواية هي الرواية الأكثر تدريساً في المدارس الثانوية في الولايات المتحدة والكثير من دول العالم.تم نشر الرواية بشكل اسبوعى (على خلاف معظم روايات ديكنز الأخرى التي كانت تنشر بشكل شهرى). ', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Opowieść o dwóch miastach (ang. A Tale of Two Cities) – powieść historyczna Karola Dickensa, publikowana w odcinkach w tygodniku \"All the Year Round\" w 1859. Akcja utworu rozgrywa się od 1775 roku aż do rewolucji francuskiej. Opowiada o losach Francuza Karola Darnaya i Anglika Sydneya Cartona, na tle dwóch miast – Paryża i Londynu. Jest ona jedną z najlepiej sprzedających się książek wszech czasów - sprzedano jej ponad 200 milionów sztuk.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«По́весть о двух города́х» (англ. A Tale of Two Cities) — изданный в 1859 году исторический роман Чарльза Диккенса о временах Французской революции.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『二都物語』（にとものがたり、A Tale of Two Cities）は、チャールズ・ディケンズの長編小説。全3巻。初版は1859年刊。フランス革命を背景に、ダーニーとカートンという2人の青年と、無罪の牢人の娘であるルーシーとの悲劇的な恋を描く。作者後期の佳作の一つ。2008年現在までに全世界で2億冊を発行した。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Tale of Two Cities (Um Conto de Duas Cidades, em português) é um romance histórico de autoria de Charles Dickens lançado em 1859; é também um romance que trata de temas como culpa, vergonha e retribuição. A principal fonte para Dickens escrever o livro com fundo histórico é The French Revolution (A Revolução Francesa), de Thomas Carlyle. A narrativa é extraordinariamente dependente da correspondência como meio de avançar o fluxo de acontecimentos, e apesar de não ser uma obra epistolográfica no sentido definido por Les Liaisons Dangereuses (Ligações Perigosas) de Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, percebe-se rapidamente que a troca de correspondências forma um centro impulsionador para a maior parte do desenvolvimento da narrativa. O livro cobre o período entre 1775 e 1793, da Independência ame', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Tale of Two Cities (Nederlands: In Londen en Parijs of De Geschiedenis van Twee Steden) is een roman van Charles Dickens, die zich afspeelt in Londen en Parijs ten tijde van de Franse Revolutie. De roman verscheen in wekelijkse afleveringen in het tijdschrift All the Year Round, tussen april en november 1859.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Racconto di due città (A Tale of Two Cities) è un romanzo storico di Charles Dickens del 1859. Insieme a Barnaby Rudge è l'unico romanzo storico scritto da Dickens.Il romanzo venne pubblicato sulla rivista All the Year Round in 31 puntate settimanali, la prima apparsa il 30 aprile 1859 e l'ultima il 26 novembre del medesimo anno.Risulta secondo le principali ricerche statistiche, il romanzo con la maggiore tiratura di sempre, con oltre 200 milioni di copie.\", 'lang': 'it'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ko.dbpedia.org/resource/두_도시_이야기'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/A_Tale_of_Two_Cities'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/Historia_de_dos_ciudades_(novela)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://de.dbpedia.org/resource/Eine_Geschichte_aus_zwei_Städten'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://sw.cyc.com/concept/Mx4rwT84cJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://nl.dbpedia.org/resource/A_Tale_of_Two_Cities_(boek)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/Racconto_di_due_città'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pt.dbpedia.org/resource/A_Tale_of_Two_Cities'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q308918'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.09c55p'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ja.dbpedia.org/resource/二都物語'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q308918'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://id.dbpedia.org/resource/A_Tale_of_Two_Cities_(novel)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Le_Conte_de_deux_cités'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pl.dbpedia.org/resource/Opowieść_o_dwóch_miastach'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Tale_of_Two_Cities?oldid=708212429'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Opowieść o dwóch miastach (ang. A Tale of Two Cities) – powieść historyczna Karola Dickensa, publikowana w odcinkach w tygodniku \"All the Year Round\" w 1859. Akcja utworu rozgrywa się od 1775 roku aż do rewolucji francuskiej. Opowiada o losach Francuza Karola Darnaya i Anglika Sydneya Cartona, na tle dwóch miast – Paryża i Londynu. Jest ona jedną z najlepiej sprzedających się książek wszech czasów - sprzedano jej ponad 200 milionów sztuk.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『二都物語』（にとものがたり、A Tale of Two Cities）は、チャールズ・ディケンズの長編小説。全3巻。初版は1859年刊。 フランス革命を背景に、ダーニーとカートンという2人の青年と、無罪の牢人の娘であるルーシーとの悲劇的な恋を描く。作者後期の佳作の一つ。 2008年現在までに全世界で2億冊を発行した。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"A Tale of Two Cities (1859) is a novel by Charles Dickens, set in London and Paris before and during the French Revolution. The novel depicts the plight of the French peasantry demoralized by the French aristocracy in the years leading up to the revolution, the corresponding brutality demonstrated by the revolutionaries toward the former aristocrats in the early years of the revolution, and many unflattering social parallels with life in London during the same period. It follows the lives of several characters through these events. A Tale of Two Cities was published in weekly installments from April 1859 to November 1859 in Dickens's new literary periodical titled All the Year Round. All but three of Dickens's previous novels had appeared only as monthly installments.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«По́весть о двух города́х» (англ. A Tale of Two Cities) — изданный в 1859 году исторический роман Чарльза Диккенса о временах Французской революции. При тираже в 200 млн экземпляров это не только самое популярное в англоязычных странах произведение писателя, но и главный бестселлер в истории англоязычной прозы.По словам Корнея Чуковского, «Повесть…» начинается с почти стихотворного каданса, задающего ритм противопоставлений, который пронизывает всю книгу, — между верхами и низами, аристократией и парижским «дном», любящими и ненавидящими, Парижем и Лондоном:', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'قصة مدينتين (بالإنجليزية: A Tale of Two Cities) هي الرواية التاريخية الثانية للكاتب تشارلز ديكنز، تدور أحداثها في لندن، إنجلترا وباريس، فرنسا خلال أحداث الثورة الفرنسية.الرواية تصوّر محنة الطبقة العاملة الفرنسية تحت القمع الوحشى للأرستقراطية الفرنسية خلال السنوات التي قادت إلى الثورة، والوحشية التي مارسها الثوريون ضد الأرستقراطيين في السنوات الأولى للثورة.الرواية تتبع حياة بعض الأشخاص خلال تلك الأحداث، أشهرهم في الرواية هو تشارلز دارنى، أحد الأرستقراطيين الفرنسيين، الذي يقع ضحية للثورة العمياء التي لم تميز بين الخير والشر برغم شخصيته الطيبة، وسيدنى كارتون، المحام الانجليزى السكير، الذي يضحى بحياته لأجل حبه لزوجة دارنى، لوسى مانيت.هذه الرواية هي الرواية الأكثر تدريساً في المدارس الثانوية في الولايات المتحدة والكثير من دول العالم.تم نشر الرواية بشكل اسبوعى (على خلاف معظم روايات ديكنز الأخرى التي كانت تنشر بشكل شهرى). الحلقة الأولى نشرت في العدد الأول للنشرة الدورية لـ ديكنز \"على مدار العام\" (بالإنجليزية: All the Year Round) التي نشرت في 30 أبريل عام 1859، ونشرت على مدار 31 عدد نُشر الأخير منها يوم 26 نوفمبر من نفس العام.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Eine Geschichte aus zwei Städten (Originaltitel: A Tale of Two Cities) ist ein historischer Roman von Charles Dickens aus dem Jahr 1859. Er gehört zu den berühmtesten Werken der Weltliteratur.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Tale of Two Cities (Nederlands: In Londen en Parijs of De Geschiedenis van Twee Steden) is een roman van Charles Dickens, die zich afspeelt in Londen en Parijs ten tijde van de Franse Revolutie. De roman verscheen in wekelijkse afleveringen in het tijdschrift All the Year Round, tussen april en november 1859.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Tale of Two Cities (Um Conto de Duas Cidades, em português) é um romance histórico de autoria de Charles Dickens lançado em 1859; é também um romance que trata de temas como culpa, vergonha e retribuição. A principal fonte para Dickens escrever o livro com fundo histórico é The French Revolution (A Revolução Francesa), de Thomas Carlyle. A narrativa é extraordinariamente dependente da correspondência como meio de avançar o fluxo de acontecimentos, e apesar de não ser uma obra epistolográfica no sentido definido por Les Liaisons Dangereuses (Ligações Perigosas) de Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, percebe-se rapidamente que a troca de correspondências forma um centro impulsionador para a maior parte do desenvolvimento da narrativa. O livro cobre o período entre 1775 e 1793, da Independência americana até o meio do período da Revolução francesa.', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Historia de dos ciudades es una de las novelas del escritor británico Charles Dickens, publicada en 1859. Esta novela es particularmente distinta a las demás que escribió, las cuales se basan en su mayoría en historias protagonizadas por niños o adolescentes y muestran una intención de reprimenda o denuncia de la sociedad británica de la época. En esta novela histórica se narra la vida en el siglo XVIII, en la época de la Revolución francesa. Al mismo tiempo la historia se desarrolla en dos países: Inglaterra y Francia, y en las ciudades de Londres y París, respectivamente en la época de los albores de la Revolución francesa. La primera ciudad simbolizaría de algún modo la paz y la tranquilidad, la vida sencilla y ordenada; mientras la segunda representaría la agitación, el desafío y el caos, el conflicto entre dos mundos en una época en la que se anuncia drásticos cambios sociales.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"A Tale of Two Cities Le Conte de deux cités, parfois intitulé en français Le Conte de deux villes ou Paris et Londres en 1793 (en anglais A Tale of Two Cities, A Story of the French Revolution), est un roman de Charles Dickens publié en feuilleton hebdomadaire du 30 avril au 25 novembre 1859 dans la revue All the Year Round que Dickens vient de fonder ; dans le même temps, il paraît en fascicules mensuels avec des illustrations de Phiz, et aux États-Unis dans Harper's Weekly, mais avec un léger décalage (de mai à décembre 1859). Douzième roman de Dickens, il appartient à sa dernière période, « plus empreinte de gravité » (a graver man), selon Sidney Dark, et « plus soigneuse de la création artistique », (a more careful literary artist). Il se situe au temps de la Révolution française à Paris et à Londres, les « deux cités » du titre, et culmine en 1793 à Paris sous la Terreur. Sylvère Monod écrit du Conte de deux cités et des Temps difficiles que ce sont les « deux œuvres les moins dickensiennes de Dickens ». Il lui paraît nécessaire, dans un premier temps, « d[e les] étudier ensemble […] et séparées du reste du roman dickensien ». Elles sont plus courtes que les autres, « le souffle de Dickens s'y fait excessivement court », ajoute-t-il, et cela est d'abord dû à des contraintes de publication « auxquelles il répugnait ». Pour autant, après avoir détaillé les circonstances de la genèse et de la publication des deux ouvrages, il les considère séparément, le premier classé « roman social », et le second, après Barnaby Rudge, « roman historique, ou semi-historique ». Dickens a cherché, selon lui, à atteindre deux buts : présenter et imposer à son public l'image et l'idée qu'il se fait de la Révolution française, et associer dans un même récit deux villes qui lui sont devenues presque également chères. En conséquence, « ce roman historique [va] être un roman à thèse, et l'alternance ou le chevauchement des scènes se déroulant dans deux décors différents [va] exiger une construction ingénieuse et serrée ». Mais le deuxième but n'est pas atteint « en ce sens que A Tale of Two Cities n'a rien d'une histoire des deux villes ». Chesterton le trouve pourtant excellemment construit, intégrant parfaitement la vie des gens ordinaires dans les grands événements publics, et associant « pathétique et dignité » (dignity and pathos), ce qui est une manière de louer sa sobriété dramatique. Quant à Andrew Sanders, il corrobore le jugement de Chesterton en soulignant le savant agencement de l'intrigue et la subtile intégration des drames personnels aux décors chargés d'histoire. Le roman est en général peu prisé des critiques, notamment, d'après Margaret Drabble, en raison de son manque d'humour, mais, vendu à plus de deux cents millions d'exemplaires, il reste l'une des œuvres les plus populaires de Dickens, tant sous sa forme écrite que dans ses versions adaptées pour le théâtre et l'écran ; il a également inspiré plusieurs comédies musicales et un opéra.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Racconto di due città (A Tale of Two Cities) è un romanzo storico di Charles Dickens del 1859. 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Risulta secondo le principali ricerche statistiche, il romanzo con la maggiore tiratura di sempre, con oltre 200 milioni di copie.\", 'lang': 'it'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/illustrator': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hablot_Knight_Browne'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/literaryGenre': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Historical_fiction'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/previousWork': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Little_Dorrit'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/publisher': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chapman_&_Hall'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/subsequentWork': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Great_Expectations'}], 'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Tale of Two Cities', 'lang': 'en'}], 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مجهولة.رغم أن الرواية مسماة على شخصية إدوين درود، فإن القصة تركز على خاله، قائد جوقة الكنيسة ومدمن الأفيون، جون جاسبر، الذي يقع في حب تلميذته، روزا باد، والتي كانت خطيبة درود. كما جذبت الآنسة باد أيضا اهتمام عين نيفيل لاندليس، وهو رجل متحمس وحاد الطبع أتى من سيلان مع شقيقته التوأم، هيلينا.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'El misterio de Edwin Drood (en inglés: The Mystery of Edwin Drood) es la decimoquinta y última novela del escritor británico Charles Dickens, fallecido súbitamente en junio de 1870, antes de poder terminarla, agotado por una gira de despedida compuesta por doce lecturas públicas de sus obras.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"The Mystery of Edwin Drood is the final novel by Charles Dickens. The novel was unfinished at the time of Dickens's death (9 June 1870) and his ending for it is unknown.Though the novel is named after the character Edwin Drood, the story focuses on Drood's uncle, precentor, choirmaster and opium addict, John Jasper, who is in love with his pupil, Rosa Bud. Miss Bud, Drood's fiancée, has also caught the eye of the high-spirited and hot-tempered Neville Landless, who comes from Ceylon with his twin sister, Helena. Landless and Drood take an instant dislike to one another. Drood later disappears under mysterious circumstances.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Tajemnica Edwina Drooda (ang. The Mystery of Edwin Drood) – nieukończona powieść Karola Dickensa opublikowana po raz pierwszy w 1870 roku.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Le Mystère d'Edwin Drood (The Mystery of Edwin Drood) est le quinzième et dernier roman de Charles Dickens, mort subitement en juin 1870 avant qu'il puisse le terminer, épuisé par une tournée d'adieu de douze lectures publiques de ses œuvres. Seules six des douze livraisons mensuelles projetées ont été publiées par Chapman and Hall d'avril à septembre 1870, avec des illustrations de Samuel Luke Fidles et une couverture de Charles Allston Collins. Paru en volume le 30 avril de cette même année avec des illustrations de Marcus Stone, le roman, quoique donnant quelques indications sur la suite qui lui aurait été destinée, laisse de nombreux mystères que critiques et écrivains s'essayent à élucider sans discontinuer depuis 1870.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Il mistero di Edwin Drood è un'opera incompiuta di Charles Dickens, ultimo romanzo scritto dall'autore e pubblicato postumo nel 1870.Nel libro, Dickens narra la scomparsa del giovane Edwin, ricco e prossimo al matrimonio.Il giovane sparisce in circostanze misteriose, e lo zio John Jasper e la fidanzata danno il via a delle indagini.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Das Geheimnis des Edwin Drood (auch: Das Geheimnis um Edwin Drood, Originaltitel: The Mystery of Edwin Drood, erschienen 1870) ist der letzte Roman von Charles Dickens und zugleich einer der ersten „echten“ Kriminalromane der Weltliteratur. Allerdings ist er unvollendet, da der Autor während der Niederschrift plötzlich an einem Gehirnschlag starb.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Та́йна Э́двина Дру́да» (англ. The Mystery of Edwin Drood) — последний и неоконченный роман Чарльза Диккенса, написанный в жанре детектива с элементами «готики». Роман должен был выйти в двенадцати ежемесячных выпусках журнала «Круглый год», но на момент смерти Диккенса (9 июня 1870 года) было опубликовано только три выпуска. Позже были выпущены ещё три, найденные в рукописях. Итак, Диккенс успевает написать половину романа.', 'lang': 'ru'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1168105'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://de.dbpedia.org/resource/Das_Geheimnis_des_Edwin_Drood'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': \"http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Le_Mystère_d'Edwin_Drood\"}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pl.dbpedia.org/resource/Tajemnica_Edwina_Drooda'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/El_misterio_de_Edwin_Drood'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.02xbsj'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q1168105'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/Il_mistero_di_Edwin_Drood'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/The_Mystery_of_Edwin_Drood'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://sw.cyc.com/concept/Mx4rc0G6kC78Sg6AM5To8V4U_g'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mystery_of_Edwin_Drood?oldid=697636214'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Das Geheimnis des Edwin Drood (auch: Das Geheimnis um Edwin Drood, Originaltitel: The Mystery of Edwin Drood, erschienen 1870) ist der letzte Roman von Charles Dickens und zugleich einer der ersten „echten“ Kriminalromane der Weltliteratur. Allerdings ist er unvollendet, da der Autor während der Niederschrift plötzlich an einem Gehirnschlag starb. Bei Dickens\\' Tod am 9. Juni 1870 waren die ersten drei Folgen des in monatlichen Fortsetzungen publizierten Romans erschienen, drei weitere waren bereits geschrieben und zum Teil auch schon im Druck. Damit lagen insgesamt 22 Kapitel vor, das heißt etwa die Hälfte des auf 12 Folgen zu je 32 großformatigen Seiten angelegten Romans. Das erste Kapitel ist The Dawn überschrieben (\"Dämmerung\"), das letzte fertiggestellte The Dawn again (\"Wieder Dämmerung\"). Der Roman spielt abwechselnd in London und in dem fiktiven Städtchen Cloisterham, einem nur leicht verfremdeten Porträt der südenglischen Stadt Rochester, in deren Nähe Dickens seit 1857 gelebt hatte.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'El misterio de Edwin Drood (en inglés: The Mystery of Edwin Drood) es la decimoquinta y última novela del escritor británico Charles Dickens, fallecido súbitamente en junio de 1870, antes de poder terminarla, agotado por una gira de despedida compuesta por doce lecturas públicas de sus obras. Solo seis de las doce entregas mensuales proyectadas fueron publicadas por Chapman and Hall, de abril a septiembre de 1870, con ilustraciones de Samuel Luke Fidles y una cubierta de Charles Allston Collins. Publicada en volumen el 30 de abril de ese mismo año, con ilustraciones de Marcus Stone, la novela, aunque con algunas indicaciones sobre la continuación que le habría sido destinada, deja muchos misterios que han tratado de dilucidar críticos y escritores de forma continua desde 1870. La historia tiene lugar en Cloisterham, ciudad imaginaria inspirada en Rochester, en el condado de Kent, cuya topografía, arquitectura y atmósfera, bien conocidas por Dickens, quien pasó parte de su infancia en la localidad vecina de Chatham, es fielmente evocada. Trata sobre todo del joven Edwin Drood, huérfano prometido por testamento a Rosa Bud, también huérfana, unión que iría acompañada de una fortuna. Edwin Drood está muy unido a su tío Jasper, personaje difuso, adepto a los fumaderos de opio de Londres, a la vez que maestro de coro en la catedral de la ciudad y secretamente enamorado de su futura sobrina. Otros personajes bastante misteriosos, como los gemelos Neville y Helena Landless, venidos de Ceilán, complican las relaciones entre los diversos actores de la historia. Edwin y Rosa terminan por renunciar a su unión; de pronto, Edwin desaparece y el manuscrito se interrumpe poco después. Debido a la muerte del autor, no se conoce el final de la historia y la identidad del asesino sigue siendo objeto de debate. A falta de continuación, comienza lo que Paul Schlicke ha denominado «la industria de la resolución del misterio», que se designa también como la «literatura droodiana» (Droodian literature), larga serie de investigaciones, hipótesis, soluciones y finales de todo género. Además, las especulaciones siguen alimentando la crónica de sucesos de la literatura, el último avatar en la adaptación televisiva de la novela en dos partes, con una secuela anunciada como «definitiva» que la BBC2 transmitió el 10 y 11 de enero de 2012. El último libro de Dickens, que sin duda parece ser una novela policíaca, puede también ser leído como la «culminación de temas y motivos de sus obras anteriores» («the culmination of themes and motifs in his earlier works»), lo que críticos eminentes como Edmund Wilson o Angus Wilson se han dedicado a analizar.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'لغز إدوين درود (بالإنجليزية: The Mystery of Edwin Drood) هي آخر روايات تشارلز ديكنز. لم تكتمل الرواية في زمن وفاة ديكنز (9 يونيو 1870) وظلت النهاية التي وضعها ديكنز مجهولة.رغم أن الرواية مسماة على شخصية إدوين درود، فإن القصة تركز على خاله، قائد جوقة الكنيسة ومدمن الأفيون، جون جاسبر، الذي يقع في حب تلميذته، روزا باد، والتي كانت خطيبة درود. كما جذبت الآنسة باد أيضا اهتمام عين نيفيل لاندليس، وهو رجل متحمس وحاد الطبع أتى من سيلان مع شقيقته التوأم، هيلينا. يتبادل درود ولاندليس مشاعر الكراهية مع بعضهما البعض. يختفي درود لاحقا في ظروف غامضة.تدور أحداث القصة في مدينة كلويسترهام، وهي مبنية على مدينة روتشستر. على سبيل المثال، تعيش شخصية السيدكريسباركل في بيت الكنيسة في ماينور كانون كورنر، والتي تتطابق مع عنوان الحقيقي داخل حرم كاتدرائية روتشستر، وهو ماينور كانون رو.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Il mistero di Edwin Drood è un'opera incompiuta di Charles Dickens, ultimo romanzo scritto dall'autore e pubblicato postumo nel 1870. Nel libro, Dickens narra la scomparsa del giovane Edwin, ricco e prossimo al matrimonio.Il giovane sparisce in circostanze misteriose, e lo zio John Jasper e la fidanzata danno il via a delle indagini.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Tajemnica Edwina Drooda (ang. The Mystery of Edwin Drood) – nieukończona powieść Karola Dickensa opublikowana po raz pierwszy w 1870 roku.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"The Mystery of Edwin Drood is the final novel by Charles Dickens. The novel was unfinished at the time of Dickens's death (9 June 1870) and his ending for it is unknown. Though the novel is named after the character Edwin Drood, the story focuses on Drood's uncle, precentor, choirmaster and opium addict, John Jasper, who is in love with his pupil, Rosa Bud. Miss Bud, Drood's fiancée, has also caught the eye of the high-spirited and hot-tempered Neville Landless, who comes from Ceylon with his twin sister, Helena. Landless and Drood take an instant dislike to one another. Drood later disappears under mysterious circumstances. The story is set in Cloisterham, a lightly disguised Rochester. Mr Crisparkle, for example, lives in a clergy house in Minor Canon Corner, which corresponds to a genuine address within the precincts of Rochester Cathedral, namely Minor Canon Row.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Та́йна Э́двина Дру́да» (англ. The Mystery of Edwin Drood) — последний и неоконченный роман Чарльза Диккенса, написанный в жанре детектива с элементами «готики». Роман должен был выйти в двенадцати ежемесячных выпусках журнала «Круглый год», но на момент смерти Диккенса (9 июня 1870 года) было опубликовано только три выпуска. Позже были выпущены ещё три, найденные в рукописях. Итак, Диккенс успевает написать половину романа. Писателя многие упрекали в неумении создать «закрученный» сюжет, поэтому «…у него возникла мысль — показать, что он тоже может крепко построить сюжет, по-новому, оригинально и так, что никому не удастся предугадать его развитие». В предыдущих произведениях, если Диккенс вводил тайну, она не придавала произведению особой загадочности, но после выхода частей «Эдвина Друда», почти не поддающихся разгадке, до сих пор появляются противоречивые версии окончания романа. Насколько Диккенсу удалось сбить с толку читателей и литературоведов, можно судить по тем противоречивым выводам, к которым приходили самые квалифицированные исследователи. Следует отметить, что писатель ни в опубликованных частях романа, ни в рукописях не оставил никаких указаний или намёков, чем должен кончиться роман.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Le Mystère d'Edwin Drood (The Mystery of Edwin Drood) est le quinzième et dernier roman de Charles Dickens, mort subitement en juin 1870 avant qu'il puisse le terminer, épuisé par une tournée d'adieu de douze lectures publiques de ses œuvres. Seules six des douze livraisons mensuelles projetées ont été publiées par Chapman and Hall d'avril à septembre 1870, avec des illustrations de Samuel Luke Fidles et une couverture de Charles Allston Collins. Paru en volume le 30 avril de cette même année avec des illustrations de Marcus Stone, le roman, quoique donnant quelques indications sur la suite qui lui aurait été destinée, laisse de nombreux mystères que critiques et écrivains s'essayent à élucider sans discontinuer depuis 1870. L'histoire se déroule à Cloisterham, ville imaginaire inspirée à Dickens par Rochester, dans le Kent, dont la topographie, l'architecture et l'atmosphère, bien connues de lui qui a passé une partie de son enfance dans la ville voisine de Chatham, sont fidèlement évoquées. Elle concerne surtout le jeune Edwin Drood, orphelin promis par testament à Rosa Bud, elle aussi orpheline, union assortie d'une coquette fortune. Edwin Drood est très lié à son oncle Jasper, personnage divisé, adepte des fumeries d'opium de Londres, ainsi que chantre, maître de chœur à la cathédrale de la ville et secrètement amoureux de sa future nièce. D'autres personnages assez mystérieux, comme les jumeaux Neville et Helena Landless venus de Ceylan, compliquent les relations liant les divers acteurs de l'histoire. Edwin et Rosa finissent par renoncer à leur union ; soudain Edwin disparaît et le manuscrit s'interrompt bientôt ; faute de suite, commence ce que Paul Schlicke a appelé « L'industrie de la résolution du mystère », qui se désigne aussi par « La littérature droodienne » (Droodian literature), longue série d'investigations, d'hypothèses, de solutions et fins en tous genres ; les spéculations, d'ailleurs, continuent d'alimenter la chronique des faits-divers de la littérature, le dernier avatar en étant l'adaptation télévisuelle du roman en deux parties, avec une suite annoncée comme « définitive », que BBC2 diffuse les 10 et 11 janvier 2012. Pour autant, le dernier livre de Dickens, qui certes s'apparente à un roman policier, peut aussi être lu comme la « culmination des thèmes et des motifs de ses précédents ouvrages » (« the culmination of themes and motifs in his earlier works »), ce que d'éminents critiques comme Edmund Wilson et Angus Wilson s'attachent à analyser.\", 'lang': 'fr'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/coverArtist': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Allston_Collins'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/illustrator': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Luke_Fildes'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/literaryGenre': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Fiction'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/publisher': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chapman_&_Hall'}], 'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Mystery of Edwin Drood', 'lang': 'en'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/name': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Mystery of Edwin Drood', 'lang': 'en'}], 'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/depiction': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Drood_serial_cover.jpg'}], 'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/isPrimaryTopicOf': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mystery_of_Edwin_Drood'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/thumbnail': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Drood_serial_cover.jpg?width=300'}], 'http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Chapman_&_Hall_books'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:1870_novels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Unfinished_novels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Novels_by_Charles_Dickens'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Gothic_novels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Victorian_novels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Novels_published_posthumously'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Novels_set_in_Kent'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:English_novels'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageID': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 619662, 'datatype': 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageRevisionID': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 697636214, 'datatype': 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageExternalLink': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/c/charles-dickens-edwin-drood/'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.droodwestend.com'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.archive.org/stream/mysteryofedwindr00dickrich#page/n7/mode/2up'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=title%3Adrood%20AND%20-creator%3Adickens%20mediatype%3Atexts'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/coverArtist': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Allston_Collins'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/genre': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Fiction', 'lang': 'en'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/illustrator': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Luke_Fildes'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/publisher': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'London', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chapman_&_Hall'}]}","languages":"['en']","LCC":"{'PR'}","publication_date":"","subjects":"","wikipedia":"","author":"Dickens, Charles","id":"564.0","gutenberg_bookshelf":"Mystery Fiction","_version":"0.2.0","releaseDate":"","alternative_title":"","title":"The Mystery of Edwin Drood","type":"Text","wp_literary_genres":"['Fiction']","contributor":"","edition_note":"","titlepage_image":"","jmdate":"","publisher":"Project Gutenberg","covers":"[{'cover_type': 'generated', 'image_path': 'cover.png'}]","description":"When young Edwin Drood mysteriously disappears from the quiet cathedral town of Cloisterham, foul play seems certain. 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O título narra as aventuras do grupo de estudo do Clube Pickwick, composto pelo líder Sr. Pickwick e seus três pupilos: O Sr. Tupman, o Sr. Snodgrass e o Sr. Winkle, que têm como função financiada pelo clube viajar pela Inglaterra (com particular com enfoque no interior do país) observando descobertas científicas e analisando as diversas variedades do comportamento humano.', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, ook wel The Pickwick Papers (Nederlands: De nagelaten papieren van de Pickwick Club) is de eerste roman van de Engelse schrijver Charles Dickens uit 1836.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Il Circolo Pickwick (The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, abbreviato in The Pickwick Papers, 1836) fu il primo romanzo dello scrittore inglese Charles Dickens. Viene considerato uno dei capolavori della letteratura britannica.Il romanzo fu pubblicato a fascicoli, come molte altre opere dell'epoca, sia di Dickens che di altri autori. La pubblicazione dei fascicoli divenne, secondo Oreste del Buono e altre fonti, una sorta di evento: nelle famiglie, nei cortili, si aspettava che chi ne aveva i mezzi comperasse il fascicolo e lo leggesse a chi non ne aveva la possibilità.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Les Papiers posthumes du Pickwick Club, également connu sous le titre : Les Aventures de Monsieur Pickwick (titre original anglais : The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, souvent abrégé en The Pickwick Papers [ðə 'pɪkwɪk 'peɪpəz], est le premier roman de Charles Dickens (1812-1870), publié sous forme de feuilleton de 1836 à 1837.En France, il a paru pour la première fois en 1887 sous forme de feuillets illustrés, sous le titre : Les Aventures de Monsieur Pickwick.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Die Pickwickier, in deutscher Übersetzung zunächst Die Pickwicker, Originaltitel The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, besser bekannt als The Pickwick Papers, ist der erste Roman von Charles Dickens. Mit ihm begründete er seinen literarischen Ruhm. Das Werk wurde als Fortsetzungsroman in 20 Teilen monatlich zwischen März 1836 und Oktober 1837 veröffentlicht. Der humoristische Roman, den Dickens mit 23 Jahren veröffentlichte, machte ihn praktisch über Nacht berühmt.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《匹克威克外傳》（The Pickwick Papers），狄更斯的代表作品，於1836年出版。全書透過天真善良、不諳世事的匹克威克（Samuel Pickwick）與三位朋友外出旅行途中的一連串遭遇，描寫了當時英國的社會生活與風俗民情；本書主人翁匹克威克與騙子金格爾（Alfred Jingle）一次又一次的較量，使得本書具有高度可讀性，狄更斯在《匹克威克外傳》中充分表達了他的人道主義精神。一開始這本書並沒有引起太多的注意，第一年只銷售500冊，到了1837年春天，《匹克威克外傳》已經成為英國社會爭相討論的話題，醫生在看病時讀它，法官在開庭時也在讀它，病人在病床上也在讀它，一時之間社會上出現了「匹克威克熱」，英國城市的街頭出現各種各樣與匹克威克有關的商品，最後此書成為世界文學的經典名作。', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (also known as The Pickwick Papers) is Charles Dickens's first novel. He was asked to contribute to the project[which?] as an up-and-coming writer following the success of Sketches by Boz, published in 1836 (most of Dickens' novels were issued in shilling instalments before being published as complete volumes). Dickens (still writing under the pseudonym of Boz) increasingly took over the unsuccessful monthly publication[which?] after the original illustrator Robert Seymour had committed suicide.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Посмертные записки Пиквикского клуба» — первый роман английского писателя Чарльза Диккенса, впервые выпущенный издательством «Чепмен и Холл» в 1836 — 1837 годах. Вместо того чтобы по предложению издателя Уильяма Холла писать сопроводительный текст к серии картинок художника-иллюстратора Роберта Сеймура, Диккенс создал роман о клубе чудаков, путешествующих по Англии и наблюдающих «человеческую природу».', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'مذكرات ما بعد الوفاة لنادي بيكويك (بالإنجليزية: The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club) (المعروفة أيضا باسم مذكرات بيكويك) هي أولى روايات تشارلز ديكنز. وقد طلب منه المساهمة في مشروع أدبي باعتباره كاتبا ناشئا بعد نجاح قصة قصاصات بوز والتي نشرت عام 1836 (صدرت معظم روايات ديكنز في حلقات قبل نشرها في مجلدات كاملة).', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Los papeles póstumos del Club Pickwick, también conocida como Los papeles del Club Pickwick, (en inglés: The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club) fue la primera novela publicada por el escritor británico Charles Dickens. Está considerado como una de las obras maestras de la literatura inglesa.En torno al protagonista se agrupa un club de extravagantes personajes, cuyas peripecias, narradas con gran sentido del humor, pueden interpretarse como una sátira de la filantropía. La figura más notable de la novela, después de la de Pickwick, es la de su criado Sam Weller.', 'lang': 'es'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/The_Pickwick_Papers'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q460583'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pl.dbpedia.org/resource/Klub_Pickwicka'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/Los_papeles_póstumos_del_Club_Pickwick'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://de.dbpedia.org/resource/Die_Pickwickier'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://nl.dbpedia.org/resource/The_Pickwick_Papers'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q460583'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.026v43'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://cs.dbpedia.org/resource/Kronika_Pickwickova_klubu'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pt.dbpedia.org/resource/The_Pickwick_Papers'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/Il_Circolo_Pickwick'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Les_Papiers_posthumes_du_Pickwick_Club'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pickwick_Papers?oldid=706284780'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': '《匹克威克外傳》（The Pickwick Papers），狄更斯的代表作品，於1836年出版。全書透過天真善良、不諳世事的匹克威克（Samuel Pickwick）與三位朋友外出旅行途中的一連串遭遇，描寫了當時英國的社會生活與風俗民情；本書主人翁匹克威克與騙子金格爾（Alfred Jingle）一次又一次的較量，使得本書具有高度可讀性，狄更斯在《匹克威克外傳》中充分表達了他的人道主義精神。一開始這本書並沒有引起太多的注意，第一年只銷售500冊，到了1837年春天，《匹克威克外傳》已經成為英國社會爭相討論的話題，醫生在看病時讀它，法官在開庭時也在讀它，病人在病床上也在讀它，一時之間社會上出現了「匹克威克熱」，英國城市的街頭出現各種各樣與匹克威克有關的商品，最後此書成為世界文學的經典名作。', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'O livro The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (comumente conhecido como The Pickwick Papers) escrito pelo inglês Charles Dickens em 1836, apresenta nomes diversos tanto no Brasil quanto em Portugal, com variações como As Aventuras do Sr. Pickwik, Documentos de Pickwick, Papéis de Pickwick, e Documentos do Clube Pickwick. O título narra as aventuras do grupo de estudo do Clube Pickwick, composto pelo líder Sr. Pickwick e seus três pupilos: O Sr. Tupman, o Sr. Snodgrass e o Sr. Winkle, que têm como função financiada pelo clube viajar pela Inglaterra (com particular com enfoque no interior do país) observando descobertas científicas e analisando as diversas variedades do comportamento humano. O título constitui um marco na carreira do escritor Charles Dickens, que embora tivesse anteriormente trabalhado sob o pseudônimo de Boz, conseguiu êxito literário e reconhecimento popular durante a publicação do livro, apresentado sob forma de folhetim (romance fatiado, distribuído em capítulos, que se tornou popular no séx XIX). Não obstante apresentação do escritor, o livro resume também grande parte dos elementos de sua posterior obra, sintetizando os caracteres da obra dickensiana.', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (also known as The Pickwick Papers) is Charles Dickens\\'s first novel. He was asked to contribute to the project[which?] as an up-and-coming writer following the success of Sketches by Boz, published in 1836 (most of Dickens\\' novels were issued in shilling instalments before being published as complete volumes). Dickens (still writing under the pseudonym of Boz) increasingly took over the unsuccessful monthly publication[which?] after the original illustrator Robert Seymour had committed suicide. With the introduction of Sam Weller in chapter 10, the book became the first real publishing phenomenon, with bootleg copies, theatrical performances, Sam Weller joke books, and other merchandise. After the publication, the widow of Robert Seymour claimed that the idea for the novel was originally her husband\\'s; however, in his preface to the 1867 edition, Dickens strenuously denied any specific input, writing that \"Mr Seymour never originated or suggested an incident, a phrase, or a word, to be found in the book.\"', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Les Papiers posthumes du Pickwick Club, également connu sous le titre : Les Aventures de Monsieur Pickwick (titre original anglais : The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, souvent abrégé en The Pickwick Papers [ðə 'pɪkwɪk 'peɪpəz], est le premier roman de Charles Dickens (1812-1870), publié sous forme de feuilleton de 1836 à 1837. En France, il a paru pour la première fois en 1887 sous forme de feuillets illustrés, sous le titre : Les Aventures de Monsieur Pickwick.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Il Circolo Pickwick (The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, abbreviato in The Pickwick Papers, 1836) fu il primo romanzo dello scrittore inglese Charles Dickens. Viene considerato uno dei capolavori della letteratura britannica. Il romanzo fu pubblicato a fascicoli, come molte altre opere dell'epoca, sia di Dickens che di altri autori. La pubblicazione dei fascicoli divenne, secondo Oreste del Buono e altre fonti, una sorta di evento: nelle famiglie, nei cortili, si aspettava che chi ne aveva i mezzi comperasse il fascicolo e lo leggesse a chi non ne aveva la possibilità. Dickens, con umorismo e sagacia, inventa un ritratto eccentrico e nostalgico di un'Inghilterra di un'epoca umana e cordiale, immagine che verrà capovolta nei successivi romanzi, più drammatici, che rappresenteranno invece tutto il cinismo della società del suo tempo.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Посмертные записки Пиквикского клуба» — первый роман английского писателя Чарльза Диккенса, впервые выпущенный издательством «Чепмен и Холл» в 1836 — 1837 годах. Вместо того чтобы по предложению издателя Уильяма Холла писать сопроводительный текст к серии картинок художника-иллюстратора Роберта Сеймура, Диккенс создал роман о клубе чудаков, путешествующих по Англии и наблюдающих «человеческую природу». Такой замысел позволил писателю изобразить в своём произведении нравы старой Англии и многообразие «гуморов» (темпераментов) в традиции Бена Джонсона.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, ook wel The Pickwick Papers (Nederlands: De nagelaten papieren van de Pickwick Club) is de eerste roman van de Engelse schrijver Charles Dickens uit 1836.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'مذكرات ما بعد الوفاة لنادي بيكويك (بالإنجليزية: The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club) (المعروفة أيضا باسم مذكرات بيكويك) هي أولى روايات تشارلز ديكنز. وقد طلب منه المساهمة في مشروع أدبي باعتباره كاتبا ناشئا بعد نجاح قصة قصاصات بوز والتي نشرت عام 1836 (صدرت معظم روايات ديكنز في حلقات قبل نشرها في مجلدات كاملة). استحوذ ديكنز (الذي كان لا يزال يكتب تحت اسم مستعار هو بوز) تدريجيا على المجلة الشهرية غير الناجحة بعد انتحار الرسام الأصلي روبرت سيمور.أصبح الكتاب أول ظاهرة حقيقية في عالم النشر، بما في ذلك النسخ المقرصنة، والعروض المسرحية، والنكت حول الشخصيات وغيرها.بعد نشر اكتاب، ادعت أرملة روبرت سيمور أن فكرة الرواية كانت لزوجها في الأصل. إلا أن ديكنز نفى بشدة في مقدمته لطبعة عام 1867 أيا من هذا، والكتب أن \"السيد سيمور لم يبتكر أو يقترح أي حدث أو عبارة أي كلمة في الكتاب\".', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Los papeles póstumos del Club Pickwick, también conocida como Los papeles del Club Pickwick, (en inglés: The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club) fue la primera novela publicada por el escritor británico Charles Dickens. Está considerado como una de las obras maestras de la literatura inglesa. Inicialmente fue publicada por entregas entre abril de 1836 y noviembre de 1837, y cada una de sus entregas se convertía en un acontecimiento literario. En un principio, la obra debía ser una narración inspirada en los grabados que había realizado Robert Seymour acerca de un \"club Nimrod\" de cazadores cómicamente inexpertos, pero el texto no tardó en imponerse a su ilustración. En torno al protagonista se agrupa un club de extravagantes personajes, cuyas peripecias, narradas con gran sentido del humor, pueden interpretarse como una sátira de la filantropía. La figura más notable de la novela, después de la de Pickwick, es la de su criado Sam Weller.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Die Pickwickier, in deutscher Übersetzung zunächst Die Pickwicker, Originaltitel The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, besser bekannt als The Pickwick Papers, ist der erste Roman von Charles Dickens. Mit ihm begründete er seinen literarischen Ruhm. Das Werk wurde als Fortsetzungsroman in 20 Teilen monatlich zwischen März 1836 und Oktober 1837 veröffentlicht. Der humoristische Roman, den Dickens mit 23 Jahren veröffentlichte, machte ihn praktisch über Nacht berühmt.', 'lang': 'de'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/illustrator': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hablot_Knight_Browne'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Robert_Seymour_(illustrator)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Robert_William_Buss'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/literaryGenre': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Novel'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/publisher': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chapman_&_Hall'}], 'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Pickwick Papers', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, Containing a Faithful Record of the Perambulations, Perils, Travels, 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D'abord présenté avec une histoire-cadre dans laquelle Maître Humphrey se raconte et évoque le cercle de ses amis, tous zélés raconteurs parmi lesquels figure The Pickwick Papers, s'y ajoutent bientôt plusieurs nouvelles, puis les romans Le Magasin d'antiquités et Barnaby Rudge.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Master Humphrey\\'s Clock was a weekly periodical edited and written entirely by Charles Dickens and published from April 4, 1840 to December 4, 1841. It began with a frame story in which Master Humphrey tells about himself and his small circle of friends (which includes Mr. Pickwick), and their penchant for telling stories. Several short stories were included, followed by the novels The Old Curiosity Shop and Barnaby Rudge. It is generally thought that Dickens originally intended The Old Curiosity Shop as a short story like the others that had appeared in Master Humphrey\\'s Clock, but after a few chapters decided to extend it into a novel. 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É o segundo volume na série dos \"Livros de Natal\" de Dickens: cinco pequenos livros com mensagens morais e sociais fortes que foram publicados na década de 1840.O título do livro vem dos \"chimes\", os velhos sinos na igreja onde a personagem Trotty Veck realiza o seu trabalho .', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'دقات الأجراس: قصة عفريت عن بعض الأجراس التي دقت بين نهاية السنة القديمة وبداية السنة الجديدة، (بالإنجليزية: The Chimes: A Goblin Story of Some Bells that Rang an Old Year Out and a New Year In) هي رواية قصيرة كتبها تشارلز ديكنز، ونشرت في عام 1844، أي بعد عام واحد من أنشودة عيد الميلاد وقبل عام واحد من صرار الليل على الموقد. وهي ثاني قصص سلسلة \"كتب عيد الميلاد\": وهي خمسة قصص قصيرة مع رسائل اجتماعية وأخلاقية قوية نشرت خلال أربعينات القرن التاسع عشر.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Колокола» (англ. The Chimes, полное название «Колокола: рассказ о гоблинах некоторых колоколов, которые звонили в уходящий Старый год и приходящий Новый год» англ. 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'American Notes is een reisverslag van Charles Dickens waarin hij zijn eerste bezoek aan de Verenigde Staten beschreef. Deze reis vond plaats in 1842 en zijn verblijf duurde zes maanden, van januari tot en met juni. Hij werd vergezeld door zijn vrouw Catherine.Na een zware overtocht op het overvolle schip Britannia van de Cunard Line kwam hij aan in Boston, waar hij, als reeds internationaal gevierd schrijver, een warm welkom kreeg. Dickens bereisde vervolgens voornamelijk de oostkust en het gebied van de Grote Meren. Ook bezocht hij president John Tyler in het Witte Huis.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Notes américaines, en anglais American Notes for General Circulation, est le récit par Charles Dickens de son voyage en Amérique du Nord avec son épouse au cours de l'année 1842. Publié par Chapman and Hall dès octobre, avec des illustrations de Marcus Stone, ce petit ouvrage est en majeure partie fondé sur les lettres envoyées à John Forster tout au long du séjour. Les Dickens avaient quitté Liverpool le 3 janvier et étaient revenus le 7 juin, les cinq mois s'étant passés à visiter les grandes villes des États-Unis et, pendant un mois, celles du Canada, où ils avaient partout reçu un accueil triomphal de la part des autorités, des sommités littéraires et du public.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'American Notes for General Circulation is a travelogue by Charles Dickens detailing his trip to North America from January to June, 1842. Whilst there he acted as a critical observer of North American society, almost as if returning a status report on their progress. This can be compared to the style of his Pictures from Italy written four years later, where he wrote far more like a tourist. His American journey was also an inspiration for his novel Martin Chuzzlewit. Having arrived in Boston, he visited Lowell, New York, and Philadelphia, and travelled as far south as Richmond, as far west as St. Louis and as far north as Quebec. The American city he liked best was Boston – \"the air was so clear, the houses were so bright and gay. [...] The city is a beautiful one, and cannot fail, I shou', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'American Notes for General Circulation o più comunemente American Notes (pubblicato in Italia come America) è un diario di viaggio di Charles Dickens, pubblicato per la prima volta in 19 ottobre 1842.Il libro descrive in dettaglio il suo viaggio in Nord America, che si tenne dal gennaio al giugno 1842. Si comportò come un osservatore critico di questa società, redigendo quasi una relazione sui suoi progressi. Questo scritto può essere paragonato nello stile ad Impressioni italiane, scritto quattro anni più tardi; tuttavia in questo testo Dickens si comporta più come un \"turista\" che come un critico. Il suo viaggio americano è stato anche fonte di ispirazione per il romanzo Martin Chuzzlewit. Erano tra l\\'altro gli anni in cui - negli stessi luoghi visitati da Dickens - viveva Edgar Allan Po', 'lang': 'it'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.03q94q'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/American_Notes'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/America_(Dickens)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Notes_américaines'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q3614013'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://nl.dbpedia.org/resource/American_Notes'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3614013'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Notes?oldid=675889702'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'American Notes for General Circulation o più comunemente American Notes (pubblicato in Italia come America) è un diario di viaggio di Charles Dickens, pubblicato per la prima volta in 19 ottobre 1842. Il libro descrive in dettaglio il suo viaggio in Nord America, che si tenne dal gennaio al giugno 1842. Si comportò come un osservatore critico di questa società, redigendo quasi una relazione sui suoi progressi. Questo scritto può essere paragonato nello stile ad Impressioni italiane, scritto quattro anni più tardi; tuttavia in questo testo Dickens si comporta più come un \"turista\" che come un critico. Il suo viaggio americano è stato anche fonte di ispirazione per il romanzo Martin Chuzzlewit. Erano tra l\\'altro gli anni in cui - negli stessi luoghi visitati da Dickens - viveva Edgar Allan Poe, ma i due scrittori non s\\'incontrarono mai.', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'American Notes is een reisverslag van Charles Dickens waarin hij zijn eerste bezoek aan de Verenigde Staten beschreef. Deze reis vond plaats in 1842 en zijn verblijf duurde zes maanden, van januari tot en met juni. Hij werd vergezeld door zijn vrouw Catherine. Na een zware overtocht op het overvolle schip Britannia van de Cunard Line kwam hij aan in Boston, waar hij, als reeds internationaal gevierd schrijver, een warm welkom kreeg. Dickens bereisde vervolgens voornamelijk de oostkust en het gebied van de Grote Meren. Ook bezocht hij president John Tyler in het Witte Huis. Dickens steekt zijn bewondering voor de Amerikaanse vorm van democratie niet onder stoelen of banken. Niettemin blijkt er sprake van een haat-liefde verhouding. Hij maakte een groot aantal kritische en zure opmerkingen, niet in de laatste plaats over het onderwerp auteursrechten. Zijn werken werden in Amerika volop gelezen, maar aangezien er geen internationale overeenkomst bestond op het gebied van copyright, verschenen zijn boeken in niet-geautoriseerde vorm en ontving de schrijver hiervoor geen cent. Ook parodieerde hij de gewoonten en gesprekken van de doorsnee Amerikaan en was hij geïrriteerd over de in zijn ogen onbeschaamde opdringerigheid van zijn bewonderaars. Ook de nog heersende slavernij was hem een doorn in het oog en hij gaf hier niet-malse kritiek op. Een en ander werd hem door de Amerikanen, die hem toch vriendelijk hadden ontvangen en zijn hele bezoek goed hadden geregeld, niet in dank afgenomen. De ervaringen tijdens zijn reis vormden de inspiratie voor zijn roman Martin Chuzzlewit, dat in de Verenigde Staten koel werd ontvangen, maar de lezers er verder niet van weerhield zijn boeken te blijven lezen.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'American Notes for General Circulation is a travelogue by Charles Dickens detailing his trip to North America from January to June, 1842. Whilst there he acted as a critical observer of North American society, almost as if returning a status report on their progress. This can be compared to the style of his Pictures from Italy written four years later, where he wrote far more like a tourist. His American journey was also an inspiration for his novel Martin Chuzzlewit. Having arrived in Boston, he visited Lowell, New York, and Philadelphia, and travelled as far south as Richmond, as far west as St. Louis and as far north as Quebec. The American city he liked best was Boston – \"the air was so clear, the houses were so bright and gay. [...] The city is a beautiful one, and cannot fail, I should imagine, to impress all strangers very favourably.\" Further, it was close to the Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind where Dickens encountered Laura Bridgman, who impressed him greatly.', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Notes américaines, en anglais American Notes for General Circulation, est le récit par Charles Dickens de son voyage en Amérique du Nord avec son épouse au cours de l'année 1842. Publié par Chapman and Hall dès octobre, avec des illustrations de Marcus Stone, ce petit ouvrage est en majeure partie fondé sur les lettres envoyées à John Forster tout au long du séjour. Les Dickens avaient quitté Liverpool le 3 janvier et étaient revenus le 7 juin, les cinq mois s'étant passés à visiter les grandes villes des États-Unis et, pendant un mois, celles du Canada, où ils avaient partout reçu un accueil triomphal de la part des autorités, des sommités littéraires et du public. Cependant, fatigué de tant d'attention, irrité aussi par le ton de la presse, le refus général de prendre en considération l'institution d'un copyright international, le spectacle de l'esclavage, Dickens rédige dès son retour, pendant l'été passé au bord de la mer, un compte-rendu férocement critique où il raconte son voyage et dénonce la presse américaine, les conditions sanitaires des villes, l'esclavage, raillant le comportement des Américains, par exemple l'habitude qu'ils ont de cracher leur chique en public. Notes américaines a très vite été piraté et diffusé aux États-Unis par le périodique Brother Jonathan (du nom de la figure allégorique conçue pour personnifier les États-Unis dans leur ensemble aux premiers temps de l'existence de la nation américaine). La colère des lecteurs et le déchaînement de la presse ont été égaux à l'engouement précédemment porté au visiteur, l'ouvrage a même été brûlé en public dans un théâtre de New York. Ce ressentiment se voit porté à son comble lorsque Dickens récidive peu après dans son roman Martin Chuzzlewit, paru en 1844, où une longue partie médiane consacrée au séjour en Amérique du héros, accompagné de son ami Mark Tapley, reprend avec une virulence accrue les critiques précédemment formulées. Cependant, American Notes n'est pas né aussi spontanément qu'on a pu l'imaginer. Il existe une pléthore de récits de voyage aux États-Unis que Dickens est supposé avoir consultés. Ces récits représentent un genre spécifique dans lequel s'inscrit son livre, mais, comme l'écrit Nathalie Vanfasse, « force est […] de constater que si cet ouvrage peut être mis en relation avec d'autres récits de voyage sur les États-Unis écrits à la même époque, il se nourrit aussi largement de fiction ». Quoi qu'il en soit, ce petit livre semble avoir eu une influence déterminante sur l'évolution de Dickens, donc de son œuvre. En effet, comme le signale Kate Flint, la réaction du public américain ne concernant pas seulement ses écrits, mais son personnage (persona), il est devenu ce qu'elle appelle une « commodité littéraire dont la circulation lui a complètement échappé ». Du coup, renforcé comme de l'extérieur dans son nationalisme, il s'est désormais autorisé à commenter toutes sortes d'affaires publiques, que ce soit par son militantisme ou par sa fiction. Il existe de nombreuses réactions américaines et, parmi elles, se détachent deux articles, l'un fort critique de E. P. Whipple, l'autre de G. W. Putnam, au contraire tout acquis au visiteur. Ils ont tous les deux l'avantage de n'avoir pas été rédigés à chaud, mais après la mort du romancier en 1870. Le premier analyse et commente Notes américaines ; le second raconte le voyage et le séjour du couple avec des souvenirs de première main, puisque son auteur avait été choisi pour servir de secrétaire à Dickens pendant son périple.\", 'lang': 'fr'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/previousWork': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Barnaby_Rudge'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/publisher': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chapman_&_Hall'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/releaseDate': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': '1842-10-19', 'datatype': 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/subsequentWork': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Martin_Chuzzlewit'}], 'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'American Notes', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'American Notes for General Circulation', 'lang': 'en'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/name': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'American Notes', 'lang': 'en'}], 'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/depiction': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Americannotes-title_page.jpg'}], 'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/isPrimaryTopicOf': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Notes'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/thumbnail': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Americannotes-title_page.jpg?width=300'}], 'http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:1842_books'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:American_travel_books'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Books_by_Charles_Dickens'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Books_about_the_United_States'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Books_about_Canada'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Canadian_travel_books'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Chapman_&_Hall_books'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageID': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 923341, 'datatype': 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageRevisionID': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 675889702, 'datatype': 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageExternalLink': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/d/dickens/charles/d54an/'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/DICKENS/titlepg.html'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'https://archive.org/details/americannotes00dick'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'https://archive.org/search.php?query=title%3A%22american%20notes%22%20creator%3Adickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/precededBy': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Barnaby_Rudge'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/followedBy': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Martin_Chuzzlewit'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/publisher': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chapman_&_Hall'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/releaseDate': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': '1842-10-19', 'datatype': 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/titleOrig': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'American Notes for General Circulation', 'lang': 'en'}]}","languages":"['en']","LCC":"{'E151'}","publication_date":"","subjects":"","wikipedia":"['https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notes_am%C3%A9ricaines', 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Notes', 'https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Notes', 'https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_(Dickens)']","author":"Dickens, Charles","id":"675.0","gutenberg_bookshelf":"","_version":"0.2.0","releaseDate":"","alternative_title":"","title":"American Notes","type":"Text","wp_literary_genres":"","contributor":"{'illustrator': {'agent_name': 'Stone, Marcus', 'birthdate': 1840, 'deathdate': 1921, 'gutenberg_agent_id': '42342', 'url': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/2009/agents/42342'}}","edition_note":"","titlepage_image":"","jmdate":"","publisher":"Project Gutenberg","covers":"[{'cover_type': 'generated', 'image_path': 'cover.png'}]","description":"American Notes for General Circulation is a travelogue by Charles Dickens detailing his trip to North America from January to June, 1842. Whilst there he acted as a critical observer of North American society, almost as if returning a status report on their progress. This can be compared to the style of his Pictures from Italy written four years later, where he wrote far more like a tourist. His American journey was also an inspiration for his novel Martin Chuzzlewit. Having arrived in Boston, he visited Lowell, New York, and Philadelphia, and travelled as far south as Richmond, as far west as St. Louis and as far north as Quebec. The American city he liked best was Boston – \"the air was so clear, the houses were so bright and gay. [...] The city is a beautiful one, and cannot fail, I should imagine, to impress all strangers very favourably.\" Further, it was close to the Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind where Dickens encountered Laura Bridgman, who impressed him greatly.\n\n\n From Wikipedia (CC BY-SA).","filename":""},{"lcsh":"{'Christmas stories, English', 'England -- Social life and customs -- 19th century -- Fiction'}","summary":"","series_note":"","creator":"","production_note":"","downloads":"117","rights_url":"","wp_publication_date":"","authoryearofdeath":"1870","_repo":"","wp_subjects":"","language_note":"","tableOfContents":"","gutenberg_issued":"","identifiers":"","formats":"{'text/html': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/676.html.noimages', 'text/plain': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext96/batlf10.txt', 'application/zip': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext96/batlf10.zip', 'application/rdf+xml': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/676.rdf', 'application/epub+zip': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/676.epub.noimages', 'application/x-mobipocket-ebook': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/676.kindle.noimages'}","gutenberg_type":"","":"661","publication_note":"","url":"","edition_identifiers":"","rights":"","authoryearofbirth":"1812","wp_info":"","languages":"['en']","LCC":"{'PR'}","publication_date":"","subjects":"","wikipedia":"","author":"Dickens, Charles","id":"676.0","gutenberg_bookshelf":"","_version":"","releaseDate":"","alternative_title":"","title":"The Battle of Life","type":"Text","wp_literary_genres":"","contributor":"","edition_note":"","titlepage_image":"","jmdate":"","publisher":"","covers":"","description":"","filename":""},{"lcsh":"{'Holidays -- Fiction', 'Christmas stories, English', 'England -- Social life and customs -- 19th century -- Fiction'}","summary":"","series_note":"","creator":"{'author': {'agent_name': 'Dickens, Charles', 'alias': 'Boz', 'birthdate': 1812, 'deathdate': 1870, 'gutenberg_agent_id': '37', 'url': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/2009/agents/37', 'wikipedia': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens'}}","production_note":"","downloads":"25","rights_url":"http://creativecommons.org/about/pdm","wp_publication_date":"1845-12-20","authoryearofdeath":"1870","_repo":"The-Cricket-on-the-Hearth--A-Fairy-Tale-of-Home_678","wp_subjects":"['Novels_by_Charles_Dickens', 'Victorian_novels', 'Insects_in_fiction', 'Fictional_crickets', 'Christmas_fiction', 'Novels_set_in_London', 'Christmas_characters', 'British_novellas', 'Christmas_novels', '1845_novels']","language_note":"","tableOfContents":"","gutenberg_issued":"1996-10-01","identifiers":"{'gutenberg': '678', 'wikidata': 'Q825220'}","formats":"{'text/plain; 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A Fairy Tale of Home) هي رواية قصيرة بقلم تشارلز ديكنز، والتي نشرتها دار برادبري وايفانز، وصدرت في 20 ديسمبر 1845 مع الرسوم التوضيحية بريشة دانيال ماكليس وجون ليتش وريتشارد دويل وكلاركسون ستانفيلد وإدوين هنري لاندسير. بدأ ديكنز بكتابة القصة في 17 أكتوبر 1845 وانتهى في 1 ديسمبر من تلك السنة. مثل كل من كتب عيد الميلاد لديكنز، فقد نشرها في شكل كتاب، وليس كمسلسل كما فعل في أغلب رواياته.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Cricket on the Hearth: A Fairy Tale of Home (pt.: O Grilo da Lareira) é um romance de Charles Dickens, publicado pela editora Bradbury and Evans e lançado a 20 de dezembro de 1845 com ilustrações de Daneil Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfeild e Edwin Landseer . Dickens começou a escrever o livro por volta do dia 17 de outubro de 1845 e terminou-o a 1 de dezembro do mesmo ano. Como é o caso de todos os livros de Natal de Charles Dickens, este foi publicado diretamente em formato de livro e não foi lançado em série. Dickens descreveu o romance como \"calmo e doméstico [...] inocente e bonito\". É o terceiro de cinco livros de Natal de Dickens, os restantes são: A Christmas Carol (1843), The Chimes (1844), The Battle of Life (1846) e The Haunted Man and the Ghost\\'s Bargain', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Das Heimchen am Herde, Originaltitel The Cricket on the Hearth, ist eine Erzählung von Charles Dickens aus dem Jahr 1845.Die Novelle gehört zu den fünf Weihnachtsgeschichten, die Dickens in den Jahren 1843 bis 1847 jeweils zu Weihnachten als eigenständige Bücher veröffentlichte. Die bekannteste ist A Christmas Carol aus dem Jahr 1843, gefolgt von Chimes (1844) und The Cricket on the Hearth als dritter Band. Im Jahr 1846 folgte The Battle of Life und 1847 The Haunted Man.Cricket on the Hearth ist eine Geschichte über das Glück, das die Grillen im Ofen bringen sollen.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Cricket on the Hearth: A Fairy Tale of Home is a novella by Charles Dickens, published by Bradbury and Evans, and released 20 December 1845 with illustrations by Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield and Edwin Henry Landseer. Dickens began writing the book around 17 October 1845 and finished it by 1 December. Like all of Dickens\\'s Christmas books, it was published in book form, not as a serial. Dickens described the novel as \"quiet and domestic [...] innocent and pretty.\" It is subdivided into chapters called \"Chirps\", similar to the \"Quarters\" of The Chimes or the \"Staves\" of A Christmas Carol. It is the third of Dickens\\'s five Christmas books, preceded by A Christmas Carol (1843) and The Chimes (1844), and followed by The Battle of Life (1846) and The Haunted ', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Il grillo del focolare è un romanzo breve di Charles Dickens del 1845. È li terzo dei cinque libri natalizi dello scrittore, le cui illustrazioni originali vennero disegnate da Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield e Edward Landseer. È suddiviso in capitoli.La novella si svolge attorno alle vicende di persone umili, è appunto una favola domestica, come dichiara il sottotitolo.', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Le Grillon du foyer (titre original : The Cricket on the Hearth. A Fairy Tale of Home) est une nouvelle de Charles Dickens parue le 20 décembre 1845, avec des illustrations de Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield et Edwin Henry Landseer.C'est le troisième des cinq contes de Noël de Dickens, les autres étant Un chant de Noël (A Christmas Carol, 1843), The Chimes (1844), La Bataille de la vie (The Battle of Life, 1846), et The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain (1848), et c'est un des plus populaires.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Это статья о повести. Статью о фильме см. Сверчок за очагом«Сверчок за очагом. Семейная сказка» (англ. The Cricket on the Hearth. A Fairy Tale of Home) — повесть Чарльза Диккенса, написанная в период с 17 октября по 1 декабря 1845 года. Входит в состав «Рождественских повестей» Диккенса.Повесть состоит из трёх глав, называемых «песенками» (англ. chirps), подобно тому, как в «Рождественской песни» части именуются «строфами».', 'lang': 'ru'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Le_Grillon_du_foyer_(nouvelle)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.04pwz4'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://de.dbpedia.org/resource/Das_Heimchen_am_Herde'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pt.dbpedia.org/resource/The_Cricket_on_the_Hearth'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/The_Cricket_on_the_Hearth'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/Il_grillo_del_focolare'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q825220'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q825220'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cricket_on_the_Hearth?oldid=688269572'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Это статья о повести. Статью о фильме см. Сверчок за очагом«Сверчок за очагом. Семейная сказка» (англ. The Cricket on the Hearth. A Fairy Tale of Home) — повесть Чарльза Диккенса, написанная в период с 17 октября по 1 декабря 1845 года. Входит в состав «Рождественских повестей» Диккенса.Повесть состоит из трёх глав, называемых «песенками» (англ. chirps), подобно тому, как в «Рождественской песни» части именуются «строфами».', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Il grillo del focolare è un romanzo breve di Charles Dickens del 1845. È li terzo dei cinque libri natalizi dello scrittore, le cui illustrazioni originali vennero disegnate da Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield e Edward Landseer. È suddiviso in capitoli. Dickens cominciò la stesura della novella il 17 ottobre circa, e la terminò il primo dicembre 1845. Come lo scrittore usava fare, la novella fu dapprima pubblicata in forma di libro e non di serie a puntate, da Bradbury and Evans, il 20 dicembre dello stesso anno. Lo stesso Dickens definì il racconto \"calmo e domestico... innocente e carino\" (quiet and domestic... innocent and pretty). La novella si svolge attorno alle vicende di persone umili, è appunto una favola domestica, come dichiara il sottotitolo.', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'صرار الليل على الموقد: خرافة عن الوطن (بالإنجليزية: The Cricket on the Hearth. A Fairy Tale of Home) هي رواية قصيرة بقلم تشارلز ديكنز، والتي نشرتها دار برادبري وايفانز، وصدرت في 20 ديسمبر 1845 مع الرسوم التوضيحية بريشة دانيال ماكليس وجون ليتش وريتشارد دويل وكلاركسون ستانفيلد وإدوين هنري لاندسير. بدأ ديكنز بكتابة القصة في 17 أكتوبر 1845 وانتهى في 1 ديسمبر من تلك السنة. مثل كل من كتب عيد الميلاد لديكنز، فقد نشرها في شكل كتاب، وليس كمسلسل كما فعل في أغلب رواياته. وصفها ديكنز الرواية بأنها \"هادئة وأليفة [...] بريئة وجميلة.\"  وتنقسم إلى فصول تسمى \"تغريدات\"، على غرار \"الأرباع\" في فصة الدقات أو \"العصي\" من أنشودة عيد الميلاد. وهي الثالثة من كتب عيد الميلاد الخمسة لديكنز، وسبقتها أنشودة عيد الميلاد (1843) ودقات الأجراس (1844)، وتلتها معركة الحياة (1846) والرجل المسكون ومساومة الشبح في (1848).', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Le Grillon du foyer (titre original : The Cricket on the Hearth. A Fairy Tale of Home) est une nouvelle de Charles Dickens parue le 20 décembre 1845, avec des illustrations de Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield et Edwin Henry Landseer. C'est le troisième des cinq contes de Noël de Dickens, les autres étant Un chant de Noël (A Christmas Carol, 1843), The Chimes (1844), La Bataille de la vie (The Battle of Life, 1846), et The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain (1848), et c'est un des plus populaires.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Das Heimchen am Herde, Originaltitel The Cricket on the Hearth, ist eine Erzählung von Charles Dickens aus dem Jahr 1845. Die Novelle gehört zu den fünf Weihnachtsgeschichten, die Dickens in den Jahren 1843 bis 1847 jeweils zu Weihnachten als eigenständige Bücher veröffentlichte. Die bekannteste ist A Christmas Carol aus dem Jahr 1843, gefolgt von Chimes (1844) und The Cricket on the Hearth als dritter Band. Im Jahr 1846 folgte The Battle of Life und 1847 The Haunted Man. Die Illustrationen stammten im Original von Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield und Edward Landseer. In Anlehnung an den Gesang der Heimchen (Grillen) ist das Werk nicht in Kapitel, sondern in drei von Dickens so genannte „Chirps“ (Zirpen) eingeteilt. Charles Dickens schrieb die Erzählung zwischen dem 17. Oktober und dem 1. Dezember 1845. Danach wurde sie sofort für das Weihnachtsgeschäft veröffentlicht. Cricket on the Hearth ist eine Geschichte über das Glück, das die Grillen im Ofen bringen sollen.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Cricket on the Hearth: A Fairy Tale of Home is a novella by Charles Dickens, published by Bradbury and Evans, and released 20 December 1845 with illustrations by Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield and Edwin Henry Landseer. Dickens began writing the book around 17 October 1845 and finished it by 1 December. Like all of Dickens\\'s Christmas books, it was published in book form, not as a serial. Dickens described the novel as \"quiet and domestic [...] innocent and pretty.\" It is subdivided into chapters called \"Chirps\", similar to the \"Quarters\" of The Chimes or the \"Staves\" of A Christmas Carol. It is the third of Dickens\\'s five Christmas books, preceded by A Christmas Carol (1843) and The Chimes (1844), and followed by The Battle of Life (1846) and The Haunted Man and the Ghost\\'s Bargain (1848).', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Cricket on the Hearth: A Fairy Tale of Home (pt.: O Grilo da Lareira) é um romance de Charles Dickens, publicado pela editora Bradbury and Evans e lançado a 20 de dezembro de 1845 com ilustrações de Daneil Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfeild e Edwin Landseer . Dickens começou a escrever o livro por volta do dia 17 de outubro de 1845 e terminou-o a 1 de dezembro do mesmo ano. Como é o caso de todos os livros de Natal de Charles Dickens, este foi publicado diretamente em formato de livro e não foi lançado em série. Dickens descreveu o romance como \"calmo e doméstico [...] inocente e bonito\". É o terceiro de cinco livros de Natal de Dickens, os restantes são: A Christmas Carol (1843), The Chimes (1844), The Battle of Life (1846) e The Haunted Man and the Ghost\\'s Bargain (1848).', 'lang': 'pt'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/illustrator': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Daniel_Maclise'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Edwin_Henry_Landseer'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Clarkson_Frederick_Stanfield'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Leech_(caricaturist)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Richard_Doyle_(illustrator)'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/previousWork': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Chimes'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/publisher': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 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O enredo centra-se na vida de Nell Trent e do seu avô, ambos residentes na Old Curiosity Shop em Londres.The Old Curiosity Shop foi um dos dois romances (o outro é Barnaby Rudge) que Charles Dickens publicou, em conjunto com outros pequenos contos, no Master Humphrey's Clock, um periódico semanal que foi publicado entre 1840 e 1841. A história foi tão popular que os leitores de Nova Iorque invadiram o cais quando o navio com a última publicação chegou à América em 1841 .\", 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"The Old Curiosity Shop is a novel by Charles Dickens. The plot follows the life of Nell Trent and her grandfather, both residents of The Old Curiosity Shop in London.The Old Curiosity Shop was one of two novels (the other being Barnaby Rudge) which Dickens published along with short stories in his weekly serial Master Humphrey's Clock, which lasted from 1840 to 1841. It was so popular that New York readers stormed the wharf when the ship bearing the final instalment arrived in 1841. The Old Curiosity Shop was printed in book form in 1841.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'متجر الفضول القديم (بالإنجليزية: The Old Curiosity Shop) رواية بقلم تشارلز ديكنز. وتروى القصة حياة نيل ترينت وجدها، وكلاهما يديران متجر تحف قديمة في لندن.هذه الرواية هي إحدى روايتين (الأخرى هي بارنابي ردج) نشرها ديكنز إلى جانب قصص قصيرة أخرى في جريدته الأسبوعية ساعة السيد همفري، والتي استمرت من 1840 إلى 1841. وكانت شعبية لدرجة أن القراء في نيويورك اقتحموا الرصيف عندما وصلت السفينة التي تحمل العدد الأخير في عام 1841.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"La bottega dell'antiquario (titolo originale The Old Curiosity Shop) è il quarto romanzo scritto e pubblicato da Charles Dickens, uscito per la prima volta a puntate su rivista tra il 1840-41 e subito dopo in volume.La storia tratta della giovane Nell, che vive sola col nonno materno - il cui nome non viene mai rivelato - in una vecchia casa di Londra chiamata The Old Curiosity Shop perché al piano terra ha un negozio pieno d'oggetti d'antiquariato. A seguito di tutta una serie di debiti contratti al gioco, il vecchio è costretto nottetempo a fuggire accompagnato dalla piccola orfana Nell.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'La tienda de antigüedades (a veces, El almacén de antigüedades, El pequeño gabinete de antigüedades, etc.), en inglés The Old Curiosity Shop, es una novela del escritor inglés Charles Dickens, publicada por entregas entre 1840 y 1841. La novela trata sobre la vida de Nell Trent y de su abuelo, que viven en Londres en la Tienda de Antigüedades. El término inglés «Shop» suele traducirse como «tienda» o «comercio», mientras «old curiosity» evoca algún artículo curioso y de cierta antigüedad, de ahí el nombre.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"《老古玩店》（英语：The Old Curiosity Shop），英國作家狄更斯的長篇小說。1841年狄更斯遷居到德文郡巷（Portsmouth Street），認識了老古玩店的老闆，並開始創作這部小說，並在《韓夫利少爺之鐘》（Master Humphrey's Clock）周刊上連載八月個，這家古玩店如今仍在英國展示。小說內容描述一個衰敗的老古玩店店主吐倫特（Peter Usitinov）和他善良美麗的外孫女小耐兒（Little Nell Trent）的悲慘故事。吐倫特一心想發財致富,好讓他年僅14歲的外孫女能過上幸福生活，于是背著小耐兒出去賭博，不料卻落入高利貸暴發戶丹尼爾·奎爾普（Daniel Quilp）的圈套。陰險奸詐的奎爾普借給店主高利貸，使得店主債台高築，最後不僅奪走了吐倫特的全部財產，還想奪取美麗的小耐兒。祖孫二人被迫逃離倫敦，過著顛沛流離的“旅行生活”，逃難的途中遇到好心人鄉村教師和乍萊夫人，但最後小耐兒因過度勞累而過世。\", 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"The Old Curiosity ShopLe Magasin d'antiquités, en anglais The Old Curiosity Shop, est, avec Barnaby Rudge, l'un des deux romans que Charles Dickens (1812-1870) a publiés, en compagnie de quelques nouvelles, dans son anecdotique et éphémère revue L'Horloge de Maître Humphrey, parue de 1840 à 1841, puis en un volume en 1841. Master Humphrey est censé être le narrateur des premiers chapitres, puis l'histoire est confiée à une autre voix, sans solution de continuité entre l'une et l'autre.\", 'lang': 'fr'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bookmashup/books/0198124937'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pt.dbpedia.org/resource/The_Old_Curiosity_Shop'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': \"http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/La_bottega_dell'antiquario\"}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': \"http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Le_Magasin_d'antiquités\"}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q2700616'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/The_Old_Curiosity_Shop'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2700616'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.03dxc_'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/La_tienda_de_antigüedades'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Old_Curiosity_Shop?oldid=697881141'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': \"La bottega dell'antiquario (titolo originale The Old Curiosity Shop) è il quarto romanzo scritto e pubblicato da Charles Dickens, uscito per la prima volta a puntate su rivista tra il 1840-41 e subito dopo in volume. La storia tratta della giovane Nell, che vive sola col nonno materno - il cui nome non viene mai rivelato - in una vecchia casa di Londra chiamata The Old Curiosity Shop perché al piano terra ha un negozio pieno d'oggetti d'antiquariato. A seguito di tutta una serie di debiti contratti al gioco, il vecchio è costretto nottetempo a fuggire accompagnato dalla piccola orfana Nell.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Old Curiosity Shop is a novel by Charles Dickens. The plot follows the life of Nell Trent and her grandfather, both residents of The Old Curiosity Shop in London. The Old Curiosity Shop was one of two novels (the other being Barnaby Rudge) which Dickens published along with short stories in his weekly serial Master Humphrey\\'s Clock, which lasted from 1840 to 1841. It was so popular that New York readers stormed the wharf when the ship bearing the final instalment arrived in 1841. The Old Curiosity Shop was printed in book form in 1841. Queen Victoria read the novel in 1841, finding it \"very interesting and cleverly written.\"', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'متجر الفضول القديم (بالإنجليزية: The Old Curiosity Shop) رواية بقلم تشارلز ديكنز. وتروى القصة حياة نيل ترينت وجدها، وكلاهما يديران متجر تحف قديمة في لندن.هذه الرواية هي إحدى روايتين (الأخرى هي بارنابي ردج) نشرها ديكنز إلى جانب قصص قصيرة أخرى في جريدته الأسبوعية ساعة السيد همفري، والتي استمرت من 1840 إلى 1841. وكانت شعبية لدرجة أن القراء في نيويورك اقتحموا الرصيف عندما وصلت السفينة التي تحمل العدد الأخير في عام 1841. وقد طبع الرواية في شكل كتاب عام 1841.قرأت الملكة فيكتوريا الرواية في عام 1841، وقالت عنها أنها \"مثيرة جدا للاهتمام ومكتوبة بذكاء\".', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"The Old Curiosity Shop (pt.: A Loja de Antiguidades)é um romance de Charles Dickens. O enredo centra-se na vida de Nell Trent e do seu avô, ambos residentes na Old Curiosity Shop em Londres. The Old Curiosity Shop foi um dos dois romances (o outro é Barnaby Rudge) que Charles Dickens publicou, em conjunto com outros pequenos contos, no Master Humphrey's Clock, um periódico semanal que foi publicado entre 1840 e 1841. A história foi tão popular que os leitores de Nova Iorque invadiram o cais quando o navio com a última publicação chegou à América em 1841 . O romance foi publicado em formato de livro em 1841. Existe em Londres uma loja chamada The Old Curiosity Shop. Fica nos números 13-14 na Portsmouth Street em Westminster e acredita-se que tenha sido a inspiração para o romance. O edifício é do século XVI e o nome da loja foi mudado depois da publicação do livro de Charles Dickens.\", 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"La tienda de antigüedades (a veces, El almacén de antigüedades, El pequeño gabinete de antigüedades, etc.), en inglés The Old Curiosity Shop, es una novela del escritor inglés Charles Dickens, publicada por entregas entre 1840 y 1841. La novela trata sobre la vida de Nell Trent y de su abuelo, que viven en Londres en la Tienda de Antigüedades. El término inglés «Shop» suele traducirse como «tienda» o «comercio», mientras «old curiosity» evoca algún artículo curioso y de cierta antigüedad, de ahí el nombre. The Old Curiosity Shop fue una de las dos novelas (la otra es Barnaby Rudge) que publicó Dickens por entregas en su revista semanal Master Humphrey's Clock, que se editó entre 1840 y 1841. Cosa habitual, al terminar las entregas la novela se editó en un sólo volumen, en 1841.\", 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"The Old Curiosity Shop Le Magasin d'antiquités, en anglais The Old Curiosity Shop, est, avec Barnaby Rudge, l'un des deux romans que Charles Dickens (1812-1870) a publiés, en compagnie de quelques nouvelles, dans son anecdotique et éphémère revue L'Horloge de Maître Humphrey, parue de 1840 à 1841, puis en un volume en 1841. Master Humphrey est censé être le narrateur des premiers chapitres, puis l'histoire est confiée à une autre voix, sans solution de continuité entre l'une et l'autre. Il concerne la jeune Nell Trent (la petite Nell) qui vit avec son grand-père maternel, dont le nom n'est jamais révélé, dans une vieille maison de Londres appelée « The Old Curiosity Shop », car elle comprend en rez-de-chaussée un magasin d'antiquités bourré, selon Gilbert Keith Chesterton, d'« objets grotesques et sinistres, d'armes bizarres, de décorations en volutes diaboliques ». Centrée sur les deux protagonistes, le grand-père et la petite-fille, l'intrigue est d'abord marquée par le mystère. Pourquoi cette situation ? Pourquoi l'absence du vieil homme pendant la nuit ? Bientôt, cependant, le voile se déchire avec l'intervention de plus en plus appuyée du nain Daniel Quilp, aussi difforme d'aspect que roué et cruel de tempérament. Divers comparses prennent également substance, soit du côté du couple des protagonistes, soit de celui de ses persécuteurs. Jusqu'au jour où, par une décision dont l'enfant a l'idée, l'intrigue s'ouvre brusquement sur le monde et bascule dans le champ du picaresque, avec l'errance, l'aventure de la route, les rencontres inopinées. Dès lors, le pathos, déjà appuyé dans la première partie, s'amplifie jusqu'à devenir extrême, Dickens ayant, sans rémission possible, fondé son histoire sur le sort pitoyable d'une orpheline et d'un vieillard, qui plus est en situation de faiblesse et en butte à l'adversité, les deux suscitées par la convoitise et la concupiscence des plus vils. La mort de la petite Nell, bientôt suivie de celle de son grand-père, reste l'un des événements les plus célèbres de la fiction anglaise ; à l'époque de la parution des feuilletons, elle a suscité une vague de réactions jusqu'alors inédite : des milliers de lecteurs, des hommes semble-t-il, ont imploré Dickens de garder l'enfant en vie, puis des milliers d'autres ont exprimé leur deuil de sa disparition qui a pris l'envergure d'une catastrophe nationale. The Old Curiosity Shop a d'emblée connu un succès considérable que le temps n'a pas démenti, quoique les critiques se soient peu à peu détournés du pathos qu'il contient. Il a été dès 1909 porté à l'écran et, depuis, les se succèdent. La plus récente traduction en français est celle de Sylvère Monod et Marcelle Sibon dans la Bibliothèque de la Pléiade (1963).\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"《老古玩店》（英语：The Old Curiosity Shop），英國作家狄更斯的長篇小說。1841年狄更斯遷居到德文郡巷（Portsmouth Street），認識了老古玩店的老闆，並開始創作這部小說，並在《韓夫利少爺之鐘》（Master Humphrey's Clock）周刊上連載八月個，這家古玩店如今仍在英國展示。小說內容描述一個衰敗的老古玩店店主吐倫特（Peter Usitinov）和他善良美麗的外孫女小耐兒（Little Nell Trent）的悲慘故事。吐倫特一心想發財致富,好讓他年僅14歲的外孫女能過上幸福生活，于是背著小耐兒出去賭博，不料卻落入高利貸暴發戶丹尼爾·奎爾普（Daniel Quilp）的圈套。陰險奸詐的奎爾普借給店主高利貸，使得店主債台高築，最後不僅奪走了吐倫特的全部財產，還想奪取美麗的小耐兒。祖孫二人被迫逃離倫敦，過著顛沛流離的“旅行生活”，逃難的途中遇到好心人鄉村教師和乍萊夫人，但最後小耐兒因過度勞累而過世。\", 'lang': 'zh'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/coverArtist': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/George_Cattermole'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/illustrator': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/George_Cattermole'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 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The plot follows the life of Nell Trent and her grandfather, both residents of The Old Curiosity Shop in London.\nThe Old Curiosity Shop was one of two novels (the other being Barnaby Rudge) which Dickens published along with short stories in his weekly serial Master Humphrey's Clock, which lasted from 1840 to 1841. It was so popular that New York readers stormed the wharf when the ship bearing the final instalment arrived in 1841. The Old Curiosity Shop was printed in book form in 1841.\nQueen Victoria read the novel in 1841, finding it \"very interesting and cleverly written.\"\n From Wikipedia (CC BY-SA).","filename":"/run/media/jon/SAMSUNG/gitenberg/The-Old-Curiosity-Shop_700/700.txt"},{"lcsh":"{'Bildungsromans', 'Criminals -- Fiction', 'Boys -- Fiction', 'London (England) -- Fiction', 'Orphans -- Fiction', 'Kidnapping victims -- Fiction'}","summary":"","series_note":"","creator":"{'author': {'agent_name': 'Dickens, Charles', 'alias': 'Boz', 'birthdate': 1812, 'deathdate': 1870, 'gutenberg_agent_id': '37', 'url': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/2009/agents/37', 'wikipedia': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens'}}","production_note":"","downloads":"3389","rights_url":"http://creativecommons.org/about/pdm","wp_publication_date":"","authoryearofdeath":"1870","_repo":"Oliver-Twist_730","wp_subjects":"['Novels_set_in_London', \"Works_originally_published_in_Bentley's_Miscellany\", 'Novels_set_in_the_19th_century', '1838_novels', 'Novels_first_published_in_serial_form', 'English_novels', 'Novels_adapted_into_plays', 'Novels_adapted_into_comics', 'Novels_adapted_into_films', 'Art_by_George_Cruikshank', '19th-century_British_novels', 'Novels_about_orphans', 'Gothic_novels', 'Victorian_novels', 'British_novels_adapted_into_films', 'Novels_by_Charles_Dickens', 'Oliver_Twist', 'Picaresque_novels']","language_note":"","tableOfContents":"","gutenberg_issued":"1996-11-01","identifiers":"{'gutenberg': '730', 'wikidata': 'Q164974'}","formats":"{'text/html; 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or The Parish Boy's Progress (Oliverio Twist en algunas ediciones en español[cita requerida]) es la segunda novela del autor inglés Charles Dickens. Se publicó originalmente como novela por entregas de aparición mensual en la revista Bentley's Miscellany, entre febrero de 1837 y abril de 1839. En un principio, el autor tenía la intención de que formase parte de una obra más extensa, The Mudfog Papers.\", 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Oliver Twist, o Le avventure di Oliver Twist (Oliver Twist; or, the Parish Boy's Progress), fu il secondo romanzo pubblicato da Charles Dickens. Apparve in prima edizione a puntate mensili sulla rivista Bentley's Miscellany, dal febbraio 1837 all'aprile 1839, con illustrazioni di George Cruikshank.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Oliver Twist ist ein Gesellschaftsroman von Charles Dickens, der unter dem vollständigen Titel „Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress“ („Oliver Twist oder der Weg des Fürsorgezöglings“) von Februar 1837 bis April 1839 in Fortsetzungen in der Zeitschrift „Bentley’s Miscellany“ erschien. Oliver Twist ist Dickens’ zweiter Roman. Er wurde mehrfach für Theater, Kino, Fernsehen und Comic adaptiert.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Oliver Twist is de titel en de naam van het hoofdpersonage van één van de bekendste romans van de Britse schrijver Charles Dickens, gepubliceerd in 1838. Het boek verscheen aanvankelijk in afzonderlijke delen, die van februari 1837 tot april 1839 werden gepubliceerd.Het boek werd meermaals verfilmd, ook voor televisie, en er verschenen verschillende Nederlandse vertalingen van. De Engelstalige musical Oliver werd een groot succes, evenals verschillende hertalingen. Er bestaat ook een achter-de-schermendocumentaire van de Nederlandstalige versie, Oliver: Achter de schermen.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Приключе́ния О́ливера Тви́ста» (Oliver Twist; or, the Parish Boy’s Progress; The Adventures of Oliver Twist) — второй роман Чарльза Диккенса и первый в английской литературе, главным героем которого стал ребёнок.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Oliver Twist é um romance de Charles Dickens que relata as aventuras e desventuras de um rapaz órfão. É um dos romances onde o autor trata do fenômeno da delinquência provocada pelas condições precárias da sociedade inglesa da época.', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《苦海孤雛》（英語：Oliver Twist，又譯《孤雛淚》，港译为《苦海孤雏》），是英国作家查爾斯·狄更斯的第二部作品，在1838年由理查德·宾利（Richard Bentley）出版。故事记叙了一位孤儿奥利佛·退斯特在济贫院的悲惨经历，以及随后在殡仪馆的遭遇。他逃出了伦敦后遇到了少年犯头子小扒手道奇（Artful Dodger）。天真无辜的奥利佛被他们带到了教唆犯费金（Fagin）的老巢。《苦海孤雛》的特點在于狄更斯對罪犯和他們肮髒生活以平淡無奇的方式寫在筆下。小說揭露了狄更斯時代倫敦大量孤兒的悲慘生活。小說的副標題是《教區男孩的進步》，暗指約翰·班揚的《清教徒進步》和18世紀威廉·荷加斯的諷刺連載《浪子的進步》和《娼妓的進步》如同狄更斯的其他小說，本書揭露許多當時的社會惡疾，如救濟院、童工、以及幫派吸收青少年參與犯罪等，試圖喚起大眾的注意。狄更斯使用諷刺和黑色幽默來對社會虛僞進行了嘲諷。小說的靈感可能來自羅伯特·紐西蘭（Robert Blincoe），這位孤兒在紡織廠做童工的苦難在十九世紀三十年代被廣泛閱讀。而狄更斯早年的童工經歷也可能對故事情節發展有所貢獻。本書曾多次改編為電影、電視劇及舞台劇。世界知名導演羅曼·波蘭斯基於2005年也曾將此書拍成電影。最早林紓将其译作《贼史》，后有人译为《孤雏泪》。', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『オリヴァー・ツイスト』（Oliver Twist ）は、チャールズ・ディケンズの長編小説。1837年から1839年まで「ベントリーズ・ミセラニー」に月刊分載、単行本は1838年刊。孤児オリヴァーが様々な困苦にもめげずに立派に成長するまでを描く。作者の出世作。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Oliver Twist − powieść Karola Dickensa, napisana w latach 1837-1838. Pierwsze polskie wydanie ukazało się w 1846.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Oliver Twist, or The Parish Boy's Progress, is the second novel by Charles Dickens, and was first published as a serial 1837–9. The story is of the orphan Oliver Twist, who starts his life in a workhouse and is then sold into an apprenticeship with an undertaker. He escapes from there and travels to London where he meets the Artful Dodger, a member of a gang of juvenile pickpockets, which is led by the elderly criminal Fagin.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Oliver Twist, de son nom complet en anglais : Oliver Twist, or, The Parish Boy's Progress (Oliver Twist ou Le voyage de l'enfant de la paroisse), l'un des romans les plus universellement connus de Charles Dickens, a été publié en vingt-quatre feuilletons mensuels dans la revue Bentley's Miscellany, entre février 1837 et avril 1839, juin et octobre 1837 exceptés.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'أوليفر تويست (بالإنجليزية: Oliver Twist) هي الرواية الثانية للمؤلف الإنجليزي تشارلز ديكنز. نشرت في بدايتها على شكل متسلسل تصدر شهريا في مجلة بنتلي بين فبراير 1837 وأبريل 1839. كان الكاتب ينوي أن تشكل جزءا من عمل أكبر، أوراق مادفوغ.', 'lang': 'ar'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Fagin'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://cs.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://el.dbpedia.org/resource/Όλιβερ_Τουίστ'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q164974'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pt.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ja.dbpedia.org/resource/オリバー・ツイスト'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q164974'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pl.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist_(powieść)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://id.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.015cf8'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://nl.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://de.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ko.dbpedia.org/resource/올리버_트위스트'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://eu.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://sw.cyc.com/concept/Mx4rvmMsVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Twist?oldid=707802774'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Oliver Twist, o Le avventure di Oliver Twist (Oliver Twist; or, the Parish Boy's Progress), fu il secondo romanzo pubblicato da Charles Dickens. Apparve in prima edizione a puntate mensili sulla rivista Bentley's Miscellany, dal febbraio 1837 all'aprile 1839, con illustrazioni di George Cruikshank. È una delle opere più celebri e influenti di Dickens. Fu il primo romanzo in lingua inglese ad avere come protagonista un ragazzo e uno dei primi esempi di romanzo sociale. Inedita per l'epoca fu anche la rappresentazione fortemente anti-romantica della vita dei delinquenti e dei poveri. Attraverso un rovesciamento del romanzo di formazione e un dissacrante umorismo nero, il romanzo analizza i mali della società inglese ottocentesca: la povertà, il lavoro minorile, la criminalità urbana, e la intrinseca ipocrisia della cultura vittoriana. Il sottotitolo The Parish Boy's Progress è un riferimento al romanzo cristiano di John Bunyan The Pilgrim's Progress (Il viaggio del pellegrino); poiché il tono di Oliver Twist lo contrappone all'ottimismo del romanzo di Bunyan, è verosimile che Dickens intendesse anche riferirsi alle parodie di William Hogarth, A Rake's Progress (La carriera del libertino) e A Harlot's Progress (La carriera della meretrice). Oliver Twist è stato utilizzato come soggetto per molti adattamenti cinematografici e televisivi. I più celebri adattamenti per il grande schermo sono Le avventure di Oliver Twist di David Lean del 1948, Oliver! di Carol Reed del 1968 (vincitore di ben 5 premi Oscar) e il film omonimo di Roman Polański del 2005. Nel 1988 la Walt Disney Pictures ha realizzato un film di animazione ispirato al romanzo, Oliver & Company. Il romanzo ha inoltre fornito lo spunto per un musical inglese di grande successo, Oliver!.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Oliver Twist is de titel en de naam van het hoofdpersonage van één van de bekendste romans van de Britse schrijver Charles Dickens, gepubliceerd in 1838. Het boek verscheen aanvankelijk in afzonderlijke delen, die van februari 1837 tot april 1839 werden gepubliceerd. Oliver Twist was vooral bedoeld als protest van Dickens tegen de wantoestanden in de victoriaanse samenleving. Kinderarbeid in de zogenaamde Work Houses (armenhuizen) en de onderwereld waarin straatkinderen tot crimineel worden opgeleid spelen in het boek een grote rol. De hoofdpersoon, Oliver Twist, is een weesjongen door wiens ogen we het harde leven in Londen rond 1830 bekijken. Het boek werd meermaals verfilmd, ook voor televisie, en er verschenen verschillende Nederlandse vertalingen van. De Engelstalige musical Oliver werd een groot succes, evenals verschillende hertalingen. Er bestaat ook een achter-de-schermendocumentaire van de Nederlandstalige versie, Oliver: Achter de schermen.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Oliver Twist ist ein Gesellschaftsroman von Charles Dickens, der unter dem vollständigen Titel „Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress“ („Oliver Twist oder der Weg des Fürsorgezöglings“) von Februar 1837 bis April 1839 in Fortsetzungen in der Zeitschrift „Bentley’s Miscellany“ erschien. Oliver Twist ist Dickens’ zweiter Roman. Er wurde mehrfach für Theater, Kino, Fernsehen und Comic adaptiert.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'أوليفر تويست (بالإنجليزية: Oliver Twist) هي الرواية الثانية للمؤلف الإنجليزي تشارلز ديكنز. نشرت في بدايتها على شكل متسلسل تصدر شهريا في مجلة بنتلي بين فبراير 1837 وأبريل 1839. كان الكاتب ينوي أن تشكل جزءا من عمل أكبر، أوراق مادفوغ.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Oliver Twist, or The Parish Boy's Progress, is the second novel by Charles Dickens, and was first published as a serial 1837–9. The story is of the orphan Oliver Twist, who starts his life in a workhouse and is then sold into an apprenticeship with an undertaker. He escapes from there and travels to London where he meets the Artful Dodger, a member of a gang of juvenile pickpockets, which is led by the elderly criminal Fagin. Oliver Twist is notable for Dickens's unromantic portrayal of criminals and their sordid lives, as well as exposing the cruel treatment of the many orphans in London in the mid–nineteenth century. The alternate title, The Parish Boy's Progress, alludes to Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, as well as the 18th-century caricature series by William Hogarth, A Rake's Progress and A Harlot's Progress. An early example of the social novel, Dickens satirizes the hypocrisies of his time, including child labour, the recruitment of children as criminals, and the presence of street children. The novel may have been inspired by the story of Robert Blincoe, an orphan whose account of working as a child labourer in a cotton mill was widely read in the 1830s. It is likely that Dickens's own youthful experiences contributed as well. Oliver Twist has been the subject of numerous adaptations, for various media, including a highly successful musical play, Oliver!, and the multiple Academy Award-winning 1968 motion picture.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Oliver Twist − powieść Karola Dickensa, napisana w latach 1837-1838. Pierwsze polskie wydanie ukazało się w 1846.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Oliver Twist, de son nom complet en anglais : Oliver Twist, or, The Parish Boy's Progress (Oliver Twist ou Le voyage de l'enfant de la paroisse), l'un des romans les plus universellement connus de Charles Dickens, a été publié en vingt-quatre feuilletons mensuels dans la revue Bentley's Miscellany, entre février 1837 et avril 1839, juin et octobre 1837 exceptés. L'histoire concerne un orphelin, Oliver Twist, soumis à des privations et des vexations dans l'hospice paroissial (workhouse) où il est né. Choisi par tirage au sort par ses camarades affamés, il ose demander une portion supplémentaire de gruau et il est alors placé chez un croque-mort, d'où il s'échappe pour prendre la route de Londres ; dès son arrivée, il rencontre l'un des personnages les plus célèbres de Dickens, The Artful Dodger — nom traduit par Rusé matois pour Alfred Gérardin en 1893 et Le Renard dans la collection Pléiade — chef d'une bande de jeunes pickpockets. Naïvement confiant en son nouveau compagnon, il se laisse entraîner dans l'antre de son maître, le criminel Fagin. Oliver Twist s'inspire au moins en partie de l'histoire autobiographique de Robert Blincoe, publiée dans les années 1830 et très appréciée du public — même si subsiste un doute quant à son authenticité — où l'auteur, orphelin élevé à la dure dans un hospice paroissial, est soumis à un labeur forcé et aux pires souffrances dans une manufacture de coton. Dickens s'est trouvé ulcéré par quelques commentaires l'accusant d'avoir glorifié le crime et, dans sa préface de la troisième édition parue en 1841, il se dissocie avec tact de la manière romanesque avec laquelle certains de ses confrères traitaient ce thème, en particulier Ainsworth, Bulwer-Lytton ou encore Charles Lever. De fait, il présente un tableau réaliste des sordides bas-fonds de la capitale anglaise et expose sans concession la cruauté à laquelle sont soumis les orphelins à l'époque victorienne. Oliver Twist est en effet l'un des premiers ouvrages à vocation sociale du XIXe siècle, attirant l'attention du public sur nombre de maux contemporains, raillant l'hypocrisie des bien-pensants par le procédé d'une ironie sarcastique très sombre, mais faisant également appel à un pathétique appuyé pour décrire la misère ambiante et, comme le roman se termine bien, un sentimentalisme parfois jugé exagéré à l'égard, surtout, du héros de l'histoire. Le roman a fait l'objet de nombreuses adaptations, tant pour la scène qu'à l'écran, et de plusieurs comédies musicales, dont la plus appréciée reste Oliver!, de Lionel Bart, qui a connu un immense et durable succès dès sa première en 1960.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Oliver Twist; or The Parish Boy's Progress (Oliverio Twist en algunas ediciones en español[cita requerida]) es la segunda novela del autor inglés Charles Dickens. Se publicó originalmente como novela por entregas de aparición mensual en la revista Bentley's Miscellany, entre febrero de 1837 y abril de 1839. En un principio, el autor tenía la intención de que formase parte de una obra más extensa, The Mudfog Papers. Es la primera novela en lengua inglesa que tiene a un niño como protagonista. Asimismo, destaca por su tratamiento del mundo de los criminales y sus sórdidas vidas, prácticamente carente de Romanticismo. Oliver Twist es una de las primeras novelas sociales de la historia de la literatura, pues llama la atención a sus lectores sobre varios males sociales de la época, tales como el trabajo infantil o la utilización de niños para cometer delitos. Dickens se burla de la hipocresía de su época tratando estos temas tan serios con sarcasmo y humor negro. La novela pudo haber sido inspirada por la historia de Robert Blincoe, un huérfano cuyo relato sobre la dureza de su vida como trabajador infantil en un molino de algodón tuvo una gran difusión en los años 1830.\", 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Oliver Twist é um romance de Charles Dickens que relata as aventuras e desventuras de um rapaz órfão. É um dos romances onde o autor trata do fenômeno da delinquência provocada pelas condições precárias da sociedade inglesa da época. No Brasil, a tradução oficial foi iniciada por Machado de Assis em 1870. Este começou a tradução a partir da versão francesa ao invés da versão original, e decidiu resumir ou retirar passagens da obra, não completando-a por motivo desconhecido, parando no capítulo 28 (do total de 53), e lamentou não poder mais continuar a tradução. Logo a Editora Hedra, que desejava publicar a versão brasileira, deu continuidade ao trabalho com Ricardo Lísias.', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《苦海孤雛》（英語：Oliver Twist，又譯《孤雛淚》，港译为《苦海孤雏》），是英国作家查爾斯·狄更斯的第二部作品，在1838年由理查德·宾利（Richard Bentley）出版。故事记叙了一位孤儿奥利佛·退斯特在济贫院的悲惨经历，以及随后在殡仪馆的遭遇。他逃出了伦敦后遇到了少年犯头子小扒手道奇（Artful Dodger）。天真无辜的奥利佛被他们带到了教唆犯费金（Fagin）的老巢。《苦海孤雛》的特點在于狄更斯對罪犯和他們肮髒生活以平淡無奇的方式寫在筆下。小說揭露了狄更斯時代倫敦大量孤兒的悲慘生活。小說的副標題是《教區男孩的進步》，暗指約翰·班揚的《清教徒進步》和18世紀威廉·荷加斯的諷刺連載《浪子的進步》和《娼妓的進步》如同狄更斯的其他小說，本書揭露許多當時的社會惡疾，如救濟院、童工、以及幫派吸收青少年參與犯罪等，試圖喚起大眾的注意。狄更斯使用諷刺和黑色幽默來對社會虛僞進行了嘲諷。小說的靈感可能來自羅伯特·紐西蘭（Robert Blincoe），這位孤兒在紡織廠做童工的苦難在十九世紀三十年代被廣泛閱讀。而狄更斯早年的童工經歷也可能對故事情節發展有所貢獻。本書曾多次改編為電影、電視劇及舞台劇。世界知名導演羅曼·波蘭斯基於2005年也曾將此書拍成電影。最早林紓将其译作《贼史》，后有人译为《孤雏泪》。', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『オリヴァー・ツイスト』（Oliver Twist ）は、チャールズ・ディケンズの長編小説。1837年から1839年まで「ベントリーズ・ミセラニー」に月刊分載、単行本は1838年刊。 孤児オリヴァーが様々な困苦にもめげずに立派に成長するまでを描く。作者の出世作。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Приключе́ния О́ливера Тви́ста» (Oliver Twist; or, the Parish Boy’s Progress; The Adventures of Oliver Twist) — второй роман Чарльза Диккенса и первый в английской литературе, главным героем которого стал ребёнок.', 'lang': 'ru'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/illustrator': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/George_Cruikshank'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/literaryGenre': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Novel'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/oclc': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': '185812519'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/previousWork': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Pickwick_Papers'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/publisher': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': \"http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bentley's_Miscellany\"}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Richard_Bentley_(publisher)'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/subsequentWork': [{'type': 'uri', 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'https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0', 'https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivera_Tvista_piedz%C4%ABvojumi', 'https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Twist', 'https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Twist', 'https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82', 'https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Twist', 'https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Twist', 'https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Twist', 'https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Twist', 'https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Twist', 'https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98']","author":"Dickens, Charles","id":"730.0","gutenberg_bookshelf":"","_version":"0.2.0","releaseDate":"","alternative_title":"","title":"Oliver Twist","type":"Text","wp_literary_genres":"['Novel']","contributor":"","edition_note":"","titlepage_image":"","jmdate":"","publisher":"Project Gutenberg","covers":"[{'cover_type': 'generated', 'image_path': 'cover.png'}]","description":"Oliver Twist, or The Parish Boy's Progress, is the second novel by Charles Dickens, and was first published as a serial 1837–39. The story is of the orphan Oliver Twist, who starts his life in a workhouse and is then sold into apprenticeship with an undertaker. He escapes from there and travels to London, where he meets the Artful Dodger, a member of a gang of juvenile pickpockets led by the elderly criminal Fagin.\nOliver Twist is notable for its unromantic portrayal by Dickens of criminals and their sordid lives, as well as for exposing the cruel treatment of the many orphans in London in the mid-19th century. The alternate title, The Parish Boy's Progress, alludes to Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, as well as the 18th-century caricature series by William Hogarth, A Rake's Progress and A Harlot's Progress.\nIn this early example of the social novel, Dickens satirizes the hypocrisies of his time, including child labour, the recruitment of children as criminals, and the presence of street children. The novel may have been inspired by the story of Robert Blincoe, an orphan whose account of working as a child labourer in a cotton mill was widely read in the 1830s. It is likely that Dickens's own youthful experiences contributed as well.\nOliver Twist has been the subject of numerous adaptations for various media, including a highly successful musical play, Oliver!, and the multiple Academy Award-winning 1968 motion picture.\n From Wikipedia (CC BY-SA).","filename":"/run/media/jon/SAMSUNG/gitenberg/Oliver-Twist_730/730.txt"},{"lcsh":"{'Bildungsromans', 'Autobiographical fiction', 'Boys -- Fiction', 'Child labor -- Fiction', 'Orphans -- Fiction', 'Stepfathers -- Fiction', 'Young men -- Fiction', 'England -- Fiction'}","summary":"","series_note":"","creator":"{'author': {'agent_name': 'Dickens, Charles', 'alias': 'Boz', 'birthdate': 1812, 'deathdate': 1870, 'gutenberg_agent_id': '37', 'url': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/2009/agents/37', 'wikipedia': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens'}}","production_note":"","downloads":"2396","rights_url":"http://creativecommons.org/about/pdm","wp_publication_date":"","authoryearofdeath":"1870","_repo":"David-Copperfield_766","wp_subjects":"['British_novels_adapted_into_films', 'British_autobiographical_novels', '19th-century_novels', 'Novels_by_Charles_Dickens', 'Novels_about_orphans', 'Novels_set_in_the_19th_century', 'David_Copperfield', 'Novels_first_published_in_serial_form', 'Novels_set_in_England', 'Victorian_novels', '1849_novels']","language_note":"","tableOfContents":"","gutenberg_issued":"1996-12-01","identifiers":"{'gutenberg': '766'}","formats":"{'text/plain; charset=utf-8': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/files/766/766-0.zip', 'text/plain; charset=us-ascii': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/files/766/766.zip', 'text/html; charset=utf-8': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/files/766/766-h.zip', 'application/rdf+xml': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/766.rdf', 'application/epub+zip': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/766.epub.images', 'application/x-mobipocket-ebook': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/766.kindle.noimages'}","gutenberg_type":"Text","":"749","publication_note":"1869","url":"http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/766","edition_identifiers":"{'edition_id': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/766#David-Copperfield'}","rights":"Public domain in the USA.","authoryearofbirth":"1812","wp_info":"{'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Wikicat1849Novels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Communication100033020'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Abstraction100002137'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/WikicatNovelsByCharlesDickens'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/WrittenWork'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Book'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://schema.org/CreativeWork'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Book'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/WikicatAutobiographicalNovels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Work'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/WikicatEnglish-languageNovels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://schema.org/Book'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Wikicat1850Novels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/LiteraryComposition106364329'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/WikicatEnglishNovels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/WikicatBritishAutobiographicalNovels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Writing106362953'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q386724'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/WrittenCommunication106349220'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://umbel.org/umbel/rc/Book_CW'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Fiction106367107'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/WikicatVictorianNovels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Novel106367879'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q571'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'David Copperfield (romanzo)', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'デイヴィッド・コパフィールド', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'David Copperfield', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'David Copperfield (boek)', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'David Copperfield', 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '大卫·科波菲尔 (小说)', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'David Copperfield', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Дэвид Копперфильд (роман)', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'David Copperfield (powieść)', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'David Copperfield (Roman)', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'David Copperfield (novela)', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'ديفيد كوبرفيلد (رواية)', 'lang': 'ar'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': \"David Copperfield ou L'Histoire, les aventures et l'expérience personnelles de David Copperfield le jeune (en anglais : The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger, abrégé en David Copperfield (API : [ˈdeɪ.vɪd ˈkɒ.pə.ˈfiːld]) est le huitième roman de Charles Dickens et le premier de cet auteur à présenter un narrateur à la première personne. Il a été publié en vingt numéros, et dix-neuf parutions, par Bradbury and Evans entre 1849 et 1850 avec des illustrations de Hablot Knight Browne, dit Phiz.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'David Copperfield, Originaltitel David Copperfield or The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of Blunderstone Rookery (Which He Never Meant to Publish on Any Account), ist ein Bildungsroman des englischen Schriftstellers Charles Dickens aus dem Jahr 1849/1850. Der Roman wurde zunächst, wie die meisten von Dickens’ Werken, als monatliche Fortsetzungsgeschichte mit je zwei Illustrationen von Hablot Knight Browne alias Phiz für einen britischen Shilling konzipiert und später überarbeitet. Viele Elemente der Geschichte folgen Ereignissen aus Dickens’ eigenem Leben, David Copperfield gilt daher als der am stärksten autobiographisch geprägte Roman seines Gesamtwerkes. Dickens selbst bezeichnete David Copperfield als seine Lieblingsgeschichte.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'ديفيد كوبرفيلد (بالإنجليزية: David Copperfield) هي رواية من تأليف تشارلز ديكنز أصدرها عام 1850. وتعتبر من أشهر رواياته وهي عبارة عن ترجمة ذاتية, لأن مجموعة من عناصر الرواية استمدت من أحداث وقعت في حياة ديكنز. ولقد قال في مقدمته لطبعة للرواية عام 1867 :\" كباقي الآباء والأمهات، لي في أعماق قلبي ابن مفضل اسمه ديفيد كوبرفيلد.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'David Copperfield (ang David Copperfield or The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of Blunderstone Rookery (Which He Never Meant to Publish on Any Account)) – powieść obyczajowa angielskiego pisarza Karola Dickensa, wydana po raz pierwszy w roku 1850 (pierwsze polskie wydanie w 1888 roku). Jak niemal wszystkie dzieła Dickensa, początkowo ukazywała się w odcinkach. Wiele wątków z tej powieści jest uznawane za autobiograficzne.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'David Copperfield es una novela escrita por Charles Dickens. Fue publicada por entregas en 1849, y en forma de libro en 1850.Al igual que la mayoría de sus obras (a excepción de cinco de ellas), esta novela fue publicada en capítulos mensuales. Muchos elementos de la novela hacen referencia a la propia vida de Dickens, siendo probablemente la más autobiográfica de todas sus obras. Así también, el mismo Dickens señaló en un prólogo de la novela \"de todos mis libros, éste es el que más me gusta\", y luego \"como muchos padres, tengo un hijo preferido, un hijo que es mi debilidad; este hijo se llama David Copperfield\".', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『デイヴィッド・コパフィールド』(David Copperfield）は、チャールズ・ディケンズの長編小説。1849年から1850年にかけて、雑誌に月刊連載された。カタカナ表示だと、デヴィット・カッパーフィールドの方が英語発音に近いのでそう表記されることもある。デイヴィッドは幼少期に辛酸を嘗めるが、大伯母に助けられ作家として成功する。個性豊かな人物が数多く登場し、また前半部は自伝的要素が強い。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'David Copperfield, (full title: The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of Blunderstone Rookery (Which He Never Meant to Publish on Any Account)) is the eighth novel by Charles Dickens. It was first published as a serial in 1849–50, and as a book in 1850. Many elements of the novel follow events in Dickens\\' own life, and it is probably the most autobiographical of his novels. In the preface to the 1867 edition, Dickens wrote, \"like many fond parents, I have in my heart of hearts a favourite child. And his name is David Copperfield.\"', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Жизнь Дэвида Копперфильда, рассказанная им самим» (англ. The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of Blunderstone Rookery) — в значительной степени автобиографический роман Чарльза Диккенса, опубликованный в пяти частях в 1849 году и отдельной книгой в 1850 году. Это первое из его произведений, где повествование ведётся от первого лица.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'David Copperfield ou The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of Blunderstone Rookery (which he never meant to publish on any account) é um romance de Charles Dickens. A exemplo de vários trabalhos da época, inicialmente foi publicado em capítulos, tendo sido publicado como livro em 1850.', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"David Copperfield (il tit. originale èThe Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of Blunderstone Rookery (which he never meant to publish on any account) è l'ottavo romanzo scritto da Charles Dickens, pubblicato per la prima volta mensilmente su rivista tra il 1849 e il 1850.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"David Copperfield is een victoriaanse roman van Charles Dickens uit 1850. Zoals in vroeger eeuwen tamelijk gebruikelijk was, had het boek in werkelijkheid een lange titel: The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of Blunderstone Rookery (which he never meant to be published on any account). Zoals de meeste van de boeken van Dickens verscheen het eerst als feuilleton; in dit geval in de periode 1848-1850. In dit boek komen nogal wat elementen voor uit Dickens' eigen leven, en daarmee is David Copperfield waarschijnlijk de meest autobiografische roman van Dickens. Zowel voor als na David Copperfield schreef Dickens zeven romans. David Copperfield is dus letterlijk het middelpunt van zijn werk en het werd door Dickens gezien als zijn favori\", 'lang': 'nl'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://de.dbpedia.org/resource/David_Copperfield_(Roman)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ko.dbpedia.org/resource/데이비드_코퍼필드_(소설)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ja.dbpedia.org/resource/デイヴィッド・コパフィールド'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q189811'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pt.dbpedia.org/resource/David_Copperfield'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://cs.dbpedia.org/resource/David_Copperfield_(román)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q189811'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/David_Copperfield_(romanzo)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://eu.dbpedia.org/resource/David_Copperfield_(eleberria)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://nl.dbpedia.org/resource/David_Copperfield_(boek)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.0g_b_'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pl.dbpedia.org/resource/David_Copperfield_(powieść)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://id.dbpedia.org/resource/David_Copperfield_(novel)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/David_Copperfield_(novel)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/David_Copperfield'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/David_Copperfield'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/David_Copperfield_(novela)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://el.dbpedia.org/resource/Ντέιβιντ_Κόπερφιλντ_(μυθιστόρημα)'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Copperfield?oldid=706932037'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': \"David Copperfield is een victoriaanse roman van Charles Dickens uit 1850. Zoals in vroeger eeuwen tamelijk gebruikelijk was, had het boek in werkelijkheid een lange titel: The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of Blunderstone Rookery (which he never meant to be published on any account). Zoals de meeste van de boeken van Dickens verscheen het eerst als feuilleton; in dit geval in de periode 1848-1850. In dit boek komen nogal wat elementen voor uit Dickens' eigen leven, en daarmee is David Copperfield waarschijnlijk de meest autobiografische roman van Dickens. Zowel voor als na David Copperfield schreef Dickens zeven romans. David Copperfield is dus letterlijk het middelpunt van zijn werk en het werd door Dickens gezien als zijn favoriete boek.\", 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'David Copperfield (ang David Copperfield or The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of Blunderstone Rookery (Which He Never Meant to Publish on Any Account)) – powieść obyczajowa angielskiego pisarza Karola Dickensa, wydana po raz pierwszy w roku 1850 (pierwsze polskie wydanie w 1888 roku). Jak niemal wszystkie dzieła Dickensa, początkowo ukazywała się w odcinkach. Wiele wątków z tej powieści jest uznawane za autobiograficzne.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'David Copperfield es una novela escrita por Charles Dickens. Fue publicada por entregas en 1849, y en forma de libro en 1850. Al igual que la mayoría de sus obras (a excepción de cinco de ellas), esta novela fue publicada en capítulos mensuales. Muchos elementos de la novela hacen referencia a la propia vida de Dickens, siendo probablemente la más autobiográfica de todas sus obras. Así también, el mismo Dickens señaló en un prólogo de la novela \"de todos mis libros, éste es el que más me gusta\", y luego \"como muchos padres, tengo un hijo preferido, un hijo que es mi debilidad; este hijo se llama David Copperfield\".', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"David Copperfield ou L'Histoire, les aventures et l'expérience personnelles de David Copperfield le jeune (en anglais : The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger, abrégé en David Copperfield (API : [ˈdeɪ.vɪd ˈkɒ.pə.ˈfiːld]) est le huitième roman de Charles Dickens et le premier de cet auteur à présenter un narrateur à la première personne. Il a été publié en vingt numéros, et dix-neuf parutions, par Bradbury and Evans entre 1849 et 1850 avec des illustrations de Hablot Knight Browne, dit Phiz. Beaucoup considèrent ce roman comme le chef-d'œuvre de Dickens, à commencer par son ami et premier biographe John Forster qui écrit : « La réputation de Dickens ne fut jamais aussi haute que lors de la publication de Copperfield » (« Dickens never stood so high in reputation as at the completion of Copperfield »), et l'auteur lui-même y voit « son enfant préféré » (« favourite child »). Il est vrai que, précise-t-il, « sous la fiction se cache quelque chose de la vie de l'auteur » (« underneath the fiction lay something of the author's life »), c'est-à-dire une expérience d'écriture de soi. Il n'est donc pas étonnant qu'à ce titre, le livre soit souvent rangé dans la catégorie des œuvres autobiographiques. D'un strict point de vue littéraire, cependant, il dépasse ce cadre par la richesse de ses thèmes et l'originalité de son écriture, ce qui en fait un véritable roman autobiographique. Situé au milieu de la carrière de Dickens, il représente, selon Paul Davis, un tournant dans son œuvre, le point de séparation entre les romans de la jeunesse et ceux de la maturité. En 1850, Dickens a trente-huit ans et il lui en reste vingt à vivre qu'il remplira d'autres chefs-d'œuvre souvent plus denses, parfois plus sombres et abordant la plupart des questions politiques, sociales ou personnelles qu'il se pose. À première vue, l'œuvre est modelée à la manière lâche et quelque peu décousue des « histoires personnelles » (personal histories) très en vogue dans la Grande-Bretagne du XVIIIe siècle ; mais en réalité David Copperfield est un roman soigneusement structuré et unifié. Il commence, comme d'autres romans de l'écrivain, par une peinture assez noire de la condition enfantine dans l'Angleterre victorienne, notoirement lorsque les enfants gênants sont parqués dans d'infâmes pensionnats, puis s'attache à retracer la lente ascension sociale et surtout intime d'un jeune homme qui, subvenant péniblement aux besoins de sa bonne tante tout en continuant ses études, finit par devenir écrivain : histoire, écrit Paul Davis, d'un « Monsieur Tout-le-Monde victorien en quête de compréhension de soi » (« a Victorian everyman seeking self-understanding »). L'une des caractéristiques du récit, qu'a relevée Edgar Johnson, est que Dickens, dans la première partie, « fait voir au lecteur avec des yeux d'enfant » (« makes the reader see with the eyes of a child »), technique novatrice pour l'époque, déjà expérimentée dans Dombey and Son avec un narrateur omniscient, et portée ici à sa perfection grâce à l'usage du « je ». David Copperfield a été souvent adapté en versions pour la jeunesse, en anglais comme dans d'autres langues, et a donné lieu à de nombreuses productions pour la scène, le music-hall, le cinéma ou la télévision. Il a aussi inspiré des auteurs de dessins animés et de bandes dessinées. Avec Oliver Twist et Pickwick Papers, c'est sans doute le roman de Dickens le plus universellement connu.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'ديفيد كوبرفيلد (بالإنجليزية: David Copperfield) هي رواية من تأليف تشارلز ديكنز أصدرها عام 1850. وتعتبر من أشهر رواياته وهي عبارة عن ترجمة ذاتية, لأن مجموعة من عناصر الرواية استمدت من أحداث وقعت في حياة ديكنز. ولقد قال في مقدمته لطبعة للرواية عام 1867 :\" كباقي الآباء والأمهات، لي في أعماق قلبي ابن مفضل اسمه ديفيد كوبرفيلد.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"David Copperfield (il tit. originale èThe Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of Blunderstone Rookery (which he never meant to publish on any account) è l'ottavo romanzo scritto da Charles Dickens, pubblicato per la prima volta mensilmente su rivista tra il 1849 e il 1850.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Жизнь Дэвида Копперфильда, рассказанная им самим» (англ. The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of Blunderstone Rookery) — в значительной степени автобиографический роман Чарльза Диккенса, опубликованный в пяти частях в 1849 году и отдельной книгой в 1850 году. Это первое из его произведений, где повествование ведётся от первого лица.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『デイヴィッド・コパフィールド』(David Copperfield）は、チャールズ・ディケンズの長編小説。1849年から1850年にかけて、雑誌に月刊連載された。カタカナ表示だと、デヴィット・カッパーフィールドの方が英語発音に近いのでそう表記されることもある。 デイヴィッドは幼少期に辛酸を嘗めるが、大伯母に助けられ作家として成功する。個性豊かな人物が数多く登場し、また前半部は自伝的要素が強い。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'David Copperfield ou The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of Blunderstone Rookery (which he never meant to publish on any account) é um romance de Charles Dickens. A exemplo de vários trabalhos da época, inicialmente foi publicado em capítulos, tendo sido publicado como livro em 1850. Muitos elementos descritos no livro se parecem com eventos da vida de Dickens, o que leva os estudiosos a considerarem-na a mais autobiográfica de suas obras. No prefácio da edição de 1867, Charles Dickens escreveu \"… like many fond parents, I have in my heart of hearts a favourite child. And his name is David Copperfield\". Em tradução livre, \"... como muitos pais amorosos, eu tenho, no fundo, no fundo, um filho favorito. E seu nome é David Copperfield\".', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'David Copperfield, (full title: The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of Blunderstone Rookery (Which He Never Meant to Publish on Any Account)) is the eighth novel by Charles Dickens. It was first published as a serial in 1849–50, and as a book in 1850. Many elements of the novel follow events in Dickens\\' own life, and it is probably the most autobiographical of his novels. In the preface to the 1867 edition, Dickens wrote, \"like many fond parents, I have in my heart of hearts a favourite child. And his name is David Copperfield.\"', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'David Copperfield, Originaltitel David Copperfield or The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of Blunderstone Rookery (Which He Never Meant to Publish on Any Account), ist ein Bildungsroman des englischen Schriftstellers Charles Dickens aus dem Jahr 1849/1850. Der Roman wurde zunächst, wie die meisten von Dickens’ Werken, als monatliche Fortsetzungsgeschichte mit je zwei Illustrationen von Hablot Knight Browne alias Phiz für einen britischen Shilling konzipiert und später überarbeitet. Viele Elemente der Geschichte folgen Ereignissen aus Dickens’ eigenem Leben, David Copperfield gilt daher als der am stärksten autobiographisch geprägte Roman seines Gesamtwerkes. 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Se publicó inicialmente de forma periódica en la revista Household Words, dirigida por el propio Dickens, entre el 1 de abril y el 12 de agosto de 1854.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Hard Times - For These TimesLes Temps difficiles est le dixième roman de Charles Dickens, un court roman paru, non en publications mensuelles comme les précédents, mais en feuilleton hebdomadaire dans sa revue Household Words, du 1er avril au 12 août 1854.', 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '艱難時世（Hard Times）是英國作家狄更斯的长篇小说作品，發表於1854年，故事描寫某工業市鎮的生活。紡織廠廠主、銀行家龐得貝（Josiah Bounderby）和退休的五金批發商人、國會議員兼教育家湯瑪斯·葛萊恩（Thomas Gradgrind）是好朋友，他們一起控制著市鎮的經濟體係與教育機構。他們注重實利而且不講情義，自命不凡，以功利主義作為生活原則。負責侍候龐得貝的是寡婦史巴斯特太太。葛萊恩對子女的教育主張“實事求是，腳踏實地”，他们在学会走路时，就被赶进教室，終日和數字打交道，他们不允许阅读诗歌和故事。葛萊恩把年輕的女兒露意莎（Louisa）嫁給了年龄比她大得多的庞得贝，寡婦史巴斯特太太嫉妒她，使她受尽痛苦，導致女兒婚姻破裂。她責備父親：“你的哲学和教育都不能救我了。”在葛萊恩自己的教育主张下，他的兒子湯姆（Tom）被迫協助龐得貝工作，他生活放蕩且負債纍纍，偷了庞得贝银行的钱逃跑，躲到马戏团裡，扮演一名小丑的角色。經過了一連串的惨痛教训，又受到马戏团的女孩西丝·朱浦（Sissy, Cecilia Jupe）的感化，逐漸的改变了生活态度，被父親送到美洲。但病死在省親的途中。龐得貝喜歡吹嘘自己白手起家，诬蔑工人由于妄想过奢侈生活才产生不满情绪。五年後庞得贝中风猝死在焦煤镇的街上，露意莎再嫁了人。', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Tempi difficili è un romanzo di Charles Dickens pubblicato per la prima volta nel 1854. Il libro è uno dei tanti romanzi di critica sociale pubblicati nello stesso periodo, come Nord e Sud di Elizabeth Gaskell, ed è finalizzato ad evidenziare le pressioni socio-economiche che molte persone stavano subendo. Il romanzo è ambientato a Coketown (letteralmente \"Città del carbone\"), un\\'immaginaria città industriale. Il romanzo è stato criticato in bene e in male da molti critici tra cui F.R. Leavis, George Bernard Shaw, e Thomas Babington Macaulay, soprattutto per l\\'atteggiamento critico di Dickens nei confronti dei sindacati e per il suo pessimismo riguardo al divario tra proprietari di industrie capitalistiche e gli operai sottopagati durante l\\'epoca vittoriana in Gran Bretagna.', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"'Hard Times - For These Times' (pt.: Tempos Difíceis) é o décimo romance de Charles Dickens, publicado em 1854. 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Roman social, il est situé dans la ville fictive de Coketown (image de Manchester, le grand centre textile, et de Preston où Dickens a séjourné durant la grève de janvier 1854) et montre les difficultés d'adaptation des deux classes sociales (la bourgeoisie d'affaire et les ouvriers) à la nouvelle économie issue de la révolution industrielle. L'auteur y dépeint avec un réalisme dénonciateur une classe ouvrière asservie, misérable et moutonnière, abrutie par le travail répétitif, livrée aux démagogues professionnels, que domine une bourgeoisie pragmatique et utilitariste, avide de profits et de pouvoir, persuadée de la nature quasi divine de ses droits et forte de la bonne conscience qu'elle puise dans les lois de l'économie de marché, mais dont il analyse les alibis et présente les travers avec une ironie mordante. Comme dans Dombey et Fils paru six ans plus tôt, il fait un portrait acide de la bourgeoisie dont la fortune s'est bâtie sur l'industrie. Thomas Gradgrind, le personnage masculin principal, est le représentant de cette bourgeoisie rationaliste qui se croit investie de la mission de promouvoir le progrès matériel, le productivisme, le culte de l'efficacité, la prévalence des « Faits » sur l'imagination, et veut réduire le monde à une série d'équations. Il se rend compte trop tard, en découvrant la souffrance de sa fille Louisa et la déchéance morale de son fils Tom, de l'échec de son système éducatif et de la faillite de son existence. Malgré des personnages que leurs outrances rendent comiques, comme Mr Bounderby et Mrs Sparsit, l'atmosphère du roman est plutôt sombre et Dickens refuse aux protagonistes un dénouement heureux. Il ne partage pas l'optimisme délibéré d'Elizabeth Gaskell dont le roman North and South, qui se déroule à la même époque et, en grande partie, dans le même espace géographique, suit de peu le sien dans Household Words, puisqu'il y paraît de septembre 1854 à janvier 1855. Traitant aussi des relations patrons-ouvriers, mais d'un point de vue féminin, Mrs Gaskell imagine qu'ils finiront par apprendre à se comprendre, alors que Dickens laisse son lecteur dans l'incertitude et le doute quant à l'avenir des personnages et à la solution des antagonismes entre capitalistes et prolétaires.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Tempi difficili è un romanzo di Charles Dickens pubblicato per la prima volta nel 1854. Il libro è uno dei tanti romanzi di critica sociale pubblicati nello stesso periodo, come Nord e Sud di Elizabeth Gaskell, ed è finalizzato ad evidenziare le pressioni socio-economiche che molte persone stavano subendo. Il romanzo è ambientato a Coketown (letteralmente \"Città del carbone\"), un\\'immaginaria città industriale. Il romanzo è stato criticato in bene e in male da molti critici tra cui F.R. Leavis, George Bernard Shaw, e Thomas Babington Macaulay, soprattutto per l\\'atteggiamento critico di Dickens nei confronti dei sindacati e per il suo pessimismo riguardo al divario tra proprietari di industrie capitalistiche e gli operai sottopagati durante l\\'epoca vittoriana in Gran Bretagna.', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '艱難時世（Hard Times）是英國作家狄更斯的长篇小说作品，發表於1854年，故事描寫某工業市鎮的生活。紡織廠廠主、銀行家龐得貝（Josiah Bounderby）和退休的五金批發商人、國會議員兼教育家湯瑪斯·葛萊恩（Thomas Gradgrind）是好朋友，他們一起控制著市鎮的經濟體係與教育機構。他們注重實利而且不講情義，自命不凡，以功利主義作為生活原則。負責侍候龐得貝的是寡婦史巴斯特太太。葛萊恩對子女的教育主張“實事求是，腳踏實地”，他们在学会走路时，就被赶进教室，終日和數字打交道，他们不允许阅读诗歌和故事。葛萊恩把年輕的女兒露意莎（Louisa）嫁給了年龄比她大得多的庞得贝，寡婦史巴斯特太太嫉妒她，使她受尽痛苦，導致女兒婚姻破裂。她責備父親：“你的哲学和教育都不能救我了。”在葛萊恩自己的教育主张下，他的兒子湯姆（Tom）被迫協助龐得貝工作，他生活放蕩且負債纍纍，偷了庞得贝银行的钱逃跑，躲到马戏团裡，扮演一名小丑的角色。經過了一連串的惨痛教训，又受到马戏团的女孩西丝·朱浦（Sissy, Cecilia Jupe）的感化，逐漸的改变了生活态度，被父親送到美洲。但病死在省親的途中。龐得貝喜歡吹嘘自己白手起家，诬蔑工人由于妄想过奢侈生活才产生不满情绪。五年後庞得贝中风猝死在焦煤镇的街上，露意莎再嫁了人。', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"'Hard Times - For These Times' (pt.: Tempos Difíceis) é o décimo romance de Charles Dickens, publicado em 1854. O livro é uma apreciação da sociedade inglesa e tem como objetivo dar destaque às pressões económicas e sociais daquele tempo.É o romance mais curto do autor e o único que não apresenta prefácio ou ilustrações. É ainda o seu único romance que não inclui qualquer cena em Londres.\", 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Hard Times – For These Times (commonly known as Hard Times) is the tenth novel by Charles Dickens, first published in 1854. The book appraises English society and highlights the social and economic pressures of the times.', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Tiempos difíciles es la décima novela escrita por Charles Dickens. Se publicó por primera vez en 1854 y transcurre en Inglaterra durante la primera industrialización. Su título original en inglés es Hard Times for This Times. 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O seu título completo é Dealings with the Firm of Dombey and Son: Wholesail, Retail and Exportation. Dickens começou a escrever o livro em Lausanne, na Suíça, antes de regressar a Inglaterra, através de Paris, para o completar. As ilustrações foram feitas por Hablot Knight Browne.As personagens do livro demonstram interesse pelos caminhos-de-ferro e este livro foi escrito numa época em que esta forma de transporte estava no seu auge. Entretanto, o mar torna-se numa representação do passado .', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Dombey e Figlio (Dombey and Son) è un romanzo dello scrittore inglese Charles Dickens. In origine venne pubblicato a puntate mensili tra l'ottobre 1846 e l'aprile 1848 con il titolo originale completo Dealings with the Firm of Dombey and Son: Wholesale, Retail and for Exportation. Dickens iniziò la stesura del libro a Losanna, in Svizzera, ma si spostò di frequente durante il lavoro di scrittura, ritornando in Inghilterra e iniziando anche un altro romanzo prima di completare Dombey e Figlio.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Dombey e hijo (en inglés: Dombey and Son) es una novela escrita por Charles Dickens y publicada en entregas mensuales entre octubre de 1846 y abril de 1848, con el título de Repartos con la firma de Dombey y del hijo: venta al por mayor, venta al por menor y para la exportación. Dickens comenzado a escribir el libro en Lausana, Suiza, antes de volver a Inglaterra vía París para completarlo. Las ilustraciones son obra de Hablot Knight Browne.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Dombey and SonDombey et Fils (en anglais : Dombey and Son) est un roman anglais de Charles Dickens (1812-1870), publié à Londres en dix-neuf feuilletons d'octobre 1846 à avril 1848 par The Graphic Magazine, puis en un volume chez Bradbury and Evans en 1848. Le roman a d'abord paru sous son titre complet, Dealings with the Firm of Dombey and Son: Wholesale, Retail and for Exportation (traduit dans La Pléiade par Dossier de la maison Dombey et Fils), puis abrégé en Dombey and Son. Il a été illustré, selon des indications très précises de Dickens, par le dessinateur Hablot Knight Browne.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Dombey and Son is a novel by Charles Dickens, published in monthly parts from 1 October 1846 to 1 April 1848 and in one volume in 1848. Its full title is Dealings with the Firm of Dombey and Son: Wholesale, Retail and for Exportation. Dickens started writing the book in Lausanne, Switzerland, before returning to England, via Paris, to complete it. Illustrations were provided by Hablot Knight Browne ('Phiz').\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《董貝父子》（Dombey and Son），是狄更斯的作品，1846年開始創作，1848年完成，是他寫作生涯的代表作，與他前期作品中存在著結構鬆散的缺點有很大不同，代表他的作品已達到成熟境界。', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'دومبي وابنه (بالإنجليزية: Dombey and Son) هي رواية بقلم تشارلز ديكنز، التي نشرت في أجزاء شهرية من 1 أكتوبر 1846 إلى 1 أبريل 1848 ثم نشرت في مجلد واحد عام 1848. العنوان الكامل هو المعاملات بما يتعلق بشركة دومبي وابنه لتجارة الجملة والتجزئة والتصدير (بالإنجليزية: Dealings with the Firm of Dombey and Son: Wholesale, Retail and for Exportation). بدأ ديكنز كتابة هذا الكتاب في لوزان في سويسرا قبل أن يعود إلى إنجلترا عبر باريس لإنجاز الكتاب. وقدمت الرسوم التوضيحية بريشة هابلوت نايت براون.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Dombey und Sohn, Originaltitel Dombey and Son, ist ein Roman des britischen Autors Charles Dickens. Er erschien in den Jahren 1847 und 1848 zunächst als Fortsetzungsgeschichte in einer Zeitung. Der Roman schildert, wie der gefühlslose und stolze Geschäftsmann Mr. Dombey zu Fall kommt, aber dank des Einflusses seiner so lang vernachlässigten Tochter Florence gutherzig wird. Der Tod von Paul Dombey, dem einzigen Sohn von Mr. Dombey, zählt zu den bekanntesten Todesszenen des viktorianischen Romans. Wie viele Romane Dickens zeichnet sich auch Dombey und Sohn durch eine Vielzahl brillant gezeichneter Nebenfiguren aus.', 'lang': 'de'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q963659'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://de.dbpedia.org/resource/Dombey_und_Sohn'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q963659'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Dombey_et_Fils'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/Dombey_e_Figlio'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/Dombey_e_hijo'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.042hz3'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pt.dbpedia.org/resource/Dombey_and_Son'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dombey_and_Son?oldid=705834354'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': '《董貝父子》（Dombey and Son），是狄更斯的作品，1846年開始創作，1848年完成，是他寫作生涯的代表作，與他前期作品中存在著結構鬆散的缺點有很大不同，代表他的作品已達到成熟境界。', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Dombey e hijo (en inglés: Dombey and Son) es una novela escrita por Charles Dickens y publicada en entregas mensuales entre octubre de 1846 y abril de 1848, con el título de Repartos con la firma de Dombey y del hijo: venta al por mayor, venta al por menor y para la exportación. Dickens comenzado a escribir el libro en Lausana, Suiza, antes de volver a Inglaterra vía París para completarlo. Las ilustraciones son obra de Hablot Knight Browne.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Dombey and Son Dombey et Fils (en anglais : Dombey and Son) est un roman anglais de Charles Dickens (1812-1870), publié à Londres en dix-neuf feuilletons d'octobre 1846 à avril 1848 par The Graphic Magazine, puis en un volume chez Bradbury and Evans en 1848. Le roman a d'abord paru sous son titre complet, Dealings with the Firm of Dombey and Son: Wholesale, Retail and for Exportation (traduit dans La Pléiade par Dossier de la maison Dombey et Fils), puis abrégé en Dombey and Son. Il a été illustré, selon des indications très précises de Dickens, par le dessinateur Hablot Knight Browne. Avec ce septième roman, Dickens couronne une première phase de son œuvre créatrice, parvenue, selon la critique, à sa maturité. À ce titre, il représente une charnière (« watershed novel ») annonçant « les œuvres plus mûres et artistiquement plus satisfaisantes », avec, en effet, une parfaite adéquation entre, d'une part, sa perception des tensions sociales de l'époque et sa signification morale et, de l'autre, la cohérence de sa structure et la pertinence de son réseau symbolique. Si, comme il l'écrit lui-même dans la préface d'une édition de 1865, le thème principal du roman précédent, Martin Chuzzlewit, a été l'égoïsme, celui de Dombey et Fils concerne l'orgueil démesuré d'un père que suit, après bien de tragiques turbulences, sa rédemption. Les trois-cents premières pages concernent essentiellement les relations existant entre ce père et son fils, le Petit Paul, qui se languit et meurt, et l'amour exclusif que se portent Paul et sa sœur Florence que Mr Dombey néglige sans retenue. Le reste du roman concerne plutôt la relation père-fille que le malheur finit par rapprocher, Mr Dombey, en effet, perdant de sa superbe sous les coups du sort et cédant enfin à l'affection restée sans faille de Florence. Dans l'ensemble, malgré des passages comiques comme il s'en trouve dans toute l'œuvre de Dickens, Dombey et Fils est un roman d'humeur sombre qui oppose symboliquement le foyer aride de Mr Dombey au rayonnement affectueux de la famille Toodle et au luminaire qu'est l'établissement nautique dirigé par Solomon Gills, l'oncle Sol, au nom prédestiné. Lors de sa publication en feuilleton, le public n'a jamais boudé son plaisir et, à la parution en volume, Dombey and Son a été, à la différence de son prédécesseur Martin Chuzzlewit, plutôt bien accueilli par la critique. Constamment réédité dans les pays anglophones et en traduction, il figure aussi au programme de littérature des établissements universitaires, et a été plusieurs fois à l'honneur en France aux concours du CAPES et de l'Agrégation d'anglais, notamment en 1991.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'دومبي وابنه (بالإنجليزية: Dombey and Son) هي رواية بقلم تشارلز ديكنز، التي نشرت في أجزاء شهرية من 1 أكتوبر 1846 إلى 1 أبريل 1848 ثم نشرت في مجلد واحد عام 1848. العنوان الكامل هو المعاملات بما يتعلق بشركة دومبي وابنه لتجارة الجملة والتجزئة والتصدير (بالإنجليزية: Dealings with the Firm of Dombey and Son: Wholesale, Retail and for Exportation). بدأ ديكنز كتابة هذا الكتاب في لوزان في سويسرا قبل أن يعود إلى إنجلترا عبر باريس لإنجاز الكتاب. وقدمت الرسوم التوضيحية بريشة هابلوت نايت براون.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Dombey e Figlio (Dombey and Son) è un romanzo dello scrittore inglese Charles Dickens. In origine venne pubblicato a puntate mensili tra l'ottobre 1846 e l'aprile 1848 con il titolo originale completo Dealings with the Firm of Dombey and Son: Wholesale, Retail and for Exportation. Dickens iniziò la stesura del libro a Losanna, in Svizzera, ma si spostò di frequente durante il lavoro di scrittura, ritornando in Inghilterra e iniziando anche un altro romanzo prima di completare Dombey e Figlio.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Dombey and Son is a novel by Charles Dickens, published in monthly parts from 1 October 1846 to 1 April 1848 and in one volume in 1848. Its full title is Dealings with the Firm of Dombey and Son: Wholesale, Retail and for Exportation. Dickens started writing the book in Lausanne, Switzerland, before returning to England, via Paris, to complete it. Illustrations were provided by Hablot Knight Browne ('Phiz'). There is some concern with the railways and the novel's conception, and writing, belong to the years of the railway boom, 1844–47. The sea, meanwhile, becomes the image of things of 'an older fashion yet', 'the dark and unknown ... that rolls round all the world.'\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Dombey und Sohn, Originaltitel Dombey and Son, ist ein Roman des britischen Autors Charles Dickens. Er erschien in den Jahren 1847 und 1848 zunächst als Fortsetzungsgeschichte in einer Zeitung. Der Roman schildert, wie der gefühlslose und stolze Geschäftsmann Mr. Dombey zu Fall kommt, aber dank des Einflusses seiner so lang vernachlässigten Tochter Florence gutherzig wird. Der Tod von Paul Dombey, dem einzigen Sohn von Mr. Dombey, zählt zu den bekanntesten Todesszenen des viktorianischen Romans. Wie viele Romane Dickens zeichnet sich auch Dombey und Sohn durch eine Vielzahl brillant gezeichneter Nebenfiguren aus. 2015 wählten 82 internationale Literaturkritiker und -wissenschaftler den Roman zu einem der bedeutendsten britischen Romane.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Dombey and Son (pt.: Dombey & Filho) é um romance de Charles Dickens publicado em série entre 1 de outubro de 1846 e 1 de abril de 1848 e lançado em livro em 1848. O seu título completo é Dealings with the Firm of Dombey and Son: Wholesail, Retail and Exportation. Dickens começou a escrever o livro em Lausanne, na Suíça, antes de regressar a Inglaterra, através de Paris, para o completar. As ilustrações foram feitas por Hablot Knight Browne.As personagens do livro demonstram interesse pelos caminhos-de-ferro e este livro foi escrito numa época em que esta forma de transporte estava no seu auge. Entretanto, o mar torna-se numa representação do passado .', 'lang': 'pt'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/illustrator': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hablot_Knight_Browne'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/literaryGenre': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Social_criticism'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/mediaType': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Serial_(literature)'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/publisher': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bradbury_and_Evans'}], 'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Dealings with the Firm', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'and for Export', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'of Dombey and Son:', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Dombey and Son', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Wholesale, Retail', 'lang': 'en'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/name': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Dombey and Son', 'lang': 'en'}], 'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/depiction': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dombeyson_serial_cover.jpg'}], 'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/isPrimaryTopicOf': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dombey_and_Son'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/thumbnail': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dombeyson_serial_cover.jpg?width=300'}], 'http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Victorian_novels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:1848_novels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Novels_first_published_in_serial_form'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Novels_by_Charles_Dickens'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:English_novels'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageID': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 1060361, 'datatype': 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageRevisionID': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 705834354, 'datatype': 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageExternalLink': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=%28title%3Adombey%20%20OR%20subject%3Adombey%20OR%20description%3Adombey%29%20%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/genre': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Novel, Social criticism', 'lang': 'en'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/illustrator': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Hablot Knight Browne', 'lang': 'en'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/mediaType': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Print', 'lang': 'en'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/publisher': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bradbury_and_Evans'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/titleOrig': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Wholesale, Retail', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Dealings with the Firm', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'and for Export', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'of Dombey and Son:', 'lang': 'en'}]}","languages":"['en']","LCC":"{'PR'}","publication_date":"","subjects":"","wikipedia":"['https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dombey_ja_poika', 'https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dombey_et_Fils', 'https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%87', 'https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E8%B4%9D%E7%88%B6%E5%AD%90', 'https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dombey_and_Son', 'https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%B3%D8%B1', 'https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dombey_und_Sohn', 'https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dombey_e_hijo', 'https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dombey_and_Son', 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dombey_and_Son', 'https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dombey_ha_Mab', 'https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dombey_e_Figlio', 'https://ar.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D8%AF', 'https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dombey_och_son']","author":"Dickens, Charles","id":"821.0","gutenberg_bookshelf":"","_version":"0.2.0","releaseDate":"","alternative_title":"","title":"Dombey and Son","type":"Text","wp_literary_genres":"['Social_criticism']","contributor":"","edition_note":"","titlepage_image":"","jmdate":"","publisher":"Project Gutenberg","covers":"[{'cover_type': 'generated', 'image_path': 'cover.png'}]","description":"Dombey and Son is a novel by Charles Dickens, published in monthly parts from 1 October 1846 to 1 April 1848 and in one volume in 1848. Its full title is Dealings with the Firm of Dombey and Son: Wholesale, Retail and for Exportation. Dickens started writing the book in Lausanne, Switzerland, before returning to England, via Paris, to complete it. Illustrations were provided by Hablot Knight Browne ('Phiz').\nThere is some concern with the railways and the novel's conception, and writing, belong to the years of the railway boom, 1844–47. The sea, meanwhile, becomes the image of things of 'an older fashion yet', 'the dark and unknown ... that rolls round all the world.'\n\n\n From Wikipedia (CC BY-SA).","filename":"/run/media/jon/SAMSUNG/gitenberg/Dombey-and-Son_821/821.txt"},{"lcsh":"{'Speeches, addresses, etc., English', 'Literature -- History and criticism'}","summary":"","series_note":"","creator":"","production_note":"","downloads":"64","rights_url":"","wp_publication_date":"","authoryearofdeath":"1870","_repo":"","wp_subjects":"","language_note":"","tableOfContents":"","gutenberg_issued":"","identifiers":"","formats":"{'image/jpeg': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/824/pg824.cover.medium.jpg', 'text/html': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/files/824/824-h/824-h.htm', 'text/plain; charset=utf-8': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/files/824/824-0.zip', 'application/zip': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/files/824/824-h.zip', 'application/rdf+xml': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/824.rdf', 'application/epub+zip': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/824.epub.noimages', 'application/x-mobipocket-ebook': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/824.kindle.images'}","gutenberg_type":"","":"807","publication_note":"","url":"","edition_identifiers":"","rights":"","authoryearofbirth":"1812","wp_info":"","languages":"['en']","LCC":"{'PN', 'PR'}","publication_date":"","subjects":"","wikipedia":"","author":"Dickens, Charles","id":"824.0","gutenberg_bookshelf":"","_version":"","releaseDate":"","alternative_title":"","title":"Speeches: Literary and Social","type":"Text","wp_literary_genres":"","contributor":"","edition_note":"","titlepage_image":"","jmdate":"","publisher":"","covers":"","description":"","filename":""},{"lcsh":"{'Fiction', 'Short stories', 'Essays'}","summary":"","series_note":"","creator":"","production_note":"","downloads":"37","rights_url":"","wp_publication_date":"","authoryearofdeath":"1870","_repo":"","wp_subjects":"","language_note":"","tableOfContents":"","gutenberg_issued":"","identifiers":"","formats":"{'text/html': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/files/872/872-h/872-h.htm', 'text/plain; 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En muchos aspectos, es una de sus obras más sofisticadas y complejas, combinando una gran profundidad psicológica con un rico análisis social. En un primer vistazo, parece centrarse, en palabras del crítico J. Hillis Miller, en el dinero, dinero, dinero, y lo que el dinero puede hacer de la vida (que es una cita de la propia Nuestro común amigo, puesta en boca de Bella al final del Libro III, capítulo IV), pero un análisis más profundo demuestran que, sobre todo, se centra en los 'valores humanos' y su aplicación en la sociedad victoriana. Para muchos críticos y escritores como Italo Calvino, la novela es una obra maes\", 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Our Mutual Friend é o último romance completo de Charles Dickens. Lançado em série entre 1864 e 1865, este é um dos seus trabalhos mais sofisticados, uma vez que combina observações psicológicas com uma análise da sociedade. O romance centra-se, nas palavras do crítico J. Hillis Miller, em \"dinheiro, dinheiro, dinheiro e o que o dinheiro pode fazer à nossa vida\", mas também fala do valor humano. Nos primeiros capítulos, é encontrado um corpo no rio Tamisa. Este corpo é o de John Harmon, um homem jovem que tinha regressado recentemente a Londres para reclamar a sua herança. Se tivesse sobrevevido, o testamento do seu pai exigiria que ele se casasse com Bella Wifer, uma jovem mulher bela e mercenária que ele nunca tinha conhecido. Em vez disso, o dinheiro vai para uma família de trabalhadore', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Our Mutual Friend, written in the years 1864–65, is the last novel completed by Charles Dickens and is one of his most sophisticated works, combining psychological insight with social analysis. It centres on, in the words of critic J. Hillis Miller, \"money, money, money, and what money can make of life\", but is also about human values. In the opening chapters a body is found in the Thames and identified as that of John Harmon, a young man recently returned to London to receive his inheritance. Were he alive, his father\\'s will would require him to marry Bella Wilfer, a beautiful, mercenary girl whom he had never met. Instead, the money passes to the working-class Boffins, and the effects spread into various corners of London society.', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Наш общий друг» (англ. Our Mutual Friend) — последний завершённый роман Чарльза Диккенса, написанный и опубликованный в 1864—1865 годах (никакой другой его роман не создавался так долго). Зрелое мастерство писателя соединило в этой книге детективно-романтическую интригу с участием трогательных, чисто диккенсовских персонажей, и социально-психологическую сатиру на тему губительной власти денег.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Il nostro comune amico, pubblicato anche con il titolo L'amico comune (Our Mutual Friend) è un romanzo dell'autore inglese Charles Dickens.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'صديقنا المشترك (بالإنجليزية: Our Mutual Friend) (كتبت في السنوات 1864-1865) هي آخر رواية انتهى تشارلز ديكنز من كتابتها وتعد إحدى أكثر أعماله تعقيدا، حيث يجمع بين البصيرة النفسية والتحليل الاجتماعي. ، وبكلام الناقد جاي هيليس ميلر، فإنها تدور حول \"المال، والمال، والمال، وما يمكن أن يفعله المال في الحياة\"، ولكنها تدور أيضا حول القيم الإنسانية. في الفصول الافتتاحية يتم العثور على جثة في نهر التايمز، ويتم التعرف عليها بأنها جثة جون هارمون، وهو شاب عاد مؤخرا إلى لندن ليستلم ميراثه.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"L'Ami commun (titre original : Our Mutual Friend), quatorzième et dernier roman achevé de Charles Dickens, a été publié par Chapman & Hall en vingt feuilletons comptant pour dix-neuf en 1864 et 1865 avec des illustrations de Marcus Stone, puis en deux volumes en février et novembre 1865 ; enfin en un seul la même année. Situé dans le présent, il offre une description panoramique de la société anglaise, la troisième après La Maison d'Âpre-Vent et La Petite Dorrit. Ainsi, il se rapproche beaucoup plus de ces deux romans que de ses prédécesseurs immédiats, Le Conte de deux cités et Les Grandes Espérances.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Unser Gemeinsamer Freund, Originaltitel: Our Mutual Friend, (entstanden 1864–65) ist Charles Dickens letzter vollendeter Roman. Er ist um einen Mittelpunkt angelegt, den die Figur Bella Wilfer den Worten J. Hillis Millers nach als „money, money, money and what money can make of life“ bezeichnet. Geld bildet in diesem Roman den sozialen Kitt der Gesellschaft und ist das Ziel fast aller Figuren. Dies trifft auch auf die im Titel genannte Hauptfigur, den gemeinsamen Freund John Harmon, zu. Er kam nach London, um die Möglichkeiten einer ihm zustehenden Erbschaft zu erkundschaften. Gegen Ende der Handlung heiratet er Bella Wilfer, die zunächst das Streben nach Geld bis zur Geldheirat als Lebensmotiv angab.', 'lang': 'de'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/Our_Mutual_Friend'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/Il_nostro_comune_amico'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': \"http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/L'Ami_commun\"}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.030yqd'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://de.dbpedia.org/resource/Unser_gemeinsamer_Freund'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q1557935'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pt.dbpedia.org/resource/Our_Mutual_Friend'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1557935'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/Nuestro_común_amigo'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://cs.dbpedia.org/resource/Náš_vzájemný_přítel'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Mutual_Friend?oldid=703735012'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Наш общий друг» (англ. Our Mutual Friend) — последний завершённый роман Чарльза Диккенса, написанный и опубликованный в 1864—1865 годах (никакой другой его роман не создавался так долго). Зрелое мастерство писателя соединило в этой книге детективно-романтическую интригу с участием трогательных, чисто диккенсовских персонажей, и социально-психологическую сатиру на тему губительной власти денег. Критики особо отмечают нетипичные для ранних романов Диккенса, яркие и реалистически выписанные женские образы (Белла, Лиззи, Дженни).Роман имел большой успех и был неоднократно экранизирован. Первый русский перевод был напечатан в «Отечественных записках» в 1864—1866 годах. Современный перевод, который Корней Чуковский назвал «блистательным», выполнили Н. Волжина и Н. Л. Дарузес.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Unser Gemeinsamer Freund, Originaltitel: Our Mutual Friend, (entstanden 1864–65) ist Charles Dickens letzter vollendeter Roman. Er ist um einen Mittelpunkt angelegt, den die Figur Bella Wilfer den Worten J. Hillis Millers nach als „money, money, money and what money can make of life“ bezeichnet. Geld bildet in diesem Roman den sozialen Kitt der Gesellschaft und ist das Ziel fast aller Figuren. Dies trifft auch auf die im Titel genannte Hauptfigur, den gemeinsamen Freund John Harmon, zu. Er kam nach London, um die Möglichkeiten einer ihm zustehenden Erbschaft zu erkundschaften. Gegen Ende der Handlung heiratet er Bella Wilfer, die zunächst das Streben nach Geld bis zur Geldheirat als Lebensmotiv angab.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Il nostro comune amico, pubblicato anche con il titolo L'amico comune (Our Mutual Friend) è un romanzo dell'autore inglese Charles Dickens.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Nuestro común amigo (en inglés original, Our mutual friend), es la última novela completada por el escritor inglés Charles Dickens, publicada por entregas entre 1864 y 1865. En muchos aspectos, es una de sus obras más sofisticadas y complejas, combinando una gran profundidad psicológica con un rico análisis social. En un primer vistazo, parece centrarse, en palabras del crítico J. Hillis Miller, en el dinero, dinero, dinero, y lo que el dinero puede hacer de la vida (que es una cita de la propia Nuestro común amigo, puesta en boca de Bella al final del Libro III, capítulo IV), pero un análisis más profundo demuestran que, sobre todo, se centra en los 'valores humanos' y su aplicación en la sociedad victoriana. Para muchos críticos y escritores como Italo Calvino, la novela es una obra maestra absoluta, en la que un Dickens pesimista, ya maduro, demuestra toda la fuerza de su prosa e inventiva en un auténtico ejercicio de virtuosismo literario. En el capítulo inicial, un hombre joven se dirige a Londres a recibir la herencia paterna, la cual, de acuerdo con el testamento de su padre, sólo podrá recibirla si se casa con Bella Wilfer, una joven hermosa pero a la que nunca ha conocido. Sin embargo, antes de llegar, un cadáver es encontrado flotando en el Támesis, y la policía lo identifica como el suyo, de manera que se le da por muerto. La herencia pasa entonces a Boffins, inculto obrero de su padre -no sabe leer-, y los efectos de esto se extienden por todos los extremos de la sociedad londinense.\", 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Our Mutual Friend é o último romance completo de Charles Dickens. Lançado em série entre 1864 e 1865, este é um dos seus trabalhos mais sofisticados, uma vez que combina observações psicológicas com uma análise da sociedade. O romance centra-se, nas palavras do crítico J. Hillis Miller, em \"dinheiro, dinheiro, dinheiro e o que o dinheiro pode fazer à nossa vida\", mas também fala do valor humano. Nos primeiros capítulos, é encontrado um corpo no rio Tamisa. Este corpo é o de John Harmon, um homem jovem que tinha regressado recentemente a Londres para reclamar a sua herança. Se tivesse sobrevevido, o testamento do seu pai exigiria que ele se casasse com Bella Wifer, uma jovem mulher bela e mercenária que ele nunca tinha conhecido. Em vez disso, o dinheiro vai para uma família de trabalhadores, os Boffins, e as consequências espalham-se pelos vários setores da sociedade londrina.', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"L'Ami commun (titre original : Our Mutual Friend), quatorzième et dernier roman achevé de Charles Dickens, a été publié par Chapman & Hall en vingt feuilletons comptant pour dix-neuf en 1864 et 1865 avec des illustrations de Marcus Stone, puis en deux volumes en février et novembre 1865 ; enfin en un seul la même année. Situé dans le présent, il offre une description panoramique de la société anglaise, la troisième après La Maison d'Âpre-Vent et La Petite Dorrit. Ainsi, il se rapproche beaucoup plus de ces deux romans que de ses prédécesseurs immédiats, Le Conte de deux cités et Les Grandes Espérances. Charles Dickens s'emploie à dénoncer la superficialité d'une société fissurée en divisions de classes, corrompue par l'avidité du gain, l'incompétence du pouvoir, le gaspillage de la vie urbaine vouée au matérialisme et les relations prédatrices qu'entretiennent entre eux les êtres humains. Pour symboliser la déréliction de ce monde en décomposition, il utilise les décharges londoniennes, tumuli de rebuts déversés pêle-mêle (dust heaps), le cours du fleuve charriant des cadavres, les oiseaux de proie humains détroussant les morts et fouillant sans relâche dans les ordures. Ainsi, il associe une satire mordante à un réalisme noir, un fond traditionnel de fantastique et de contes de fée à une mise en garde contre les périls montants et, comme toujours, propose en antidote les valeurs morales qu'assurent la bonne volonté et un altruisme bien orienté. Ce faisant, il y a là également, de l'originalité dans la construction de l'intrigue ; laquelle se signale par sa cohérence, voire un certain raffinement dans la complexité ; de plus, malgré la surabondance de cadavres, testaments et complots, Dickens abonde en scènes humoristiques où fraicheur d'observation et verve se déploient avec audace. Considérant en effet qu'une voix unifiée ne saurait à elle seule représenter la fragmentation de la société moderne et rendre compte de l'instabilité du monde qu'elle génère, l'auteur donne donc à son narrateur, pourtant moins présent que dans beaucoup de ses romans, une amplitude de tons encore jamais atteinte, tour à tour ironique et désinvolte, sérieux et comique, solennel et léger. Si la critique contemporaine reste divisée sur son intrigue et ses personnages, L'Ami commun est aujourd'hui reconnu comme l'un des chefs-d'œuvre de la dernière manière de Dickens. Quoique moins courtisé par les adaptateurs que certains ouvrages précédents, le roman a inspiré plusieurs réalisateurs de cinéma ou de télévision, et même le poète T. S. Eliot ou le chanteur Paul McCartney.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'صديقنا المشترك (بالإنجليزية: Our Mutual Friend) (كتبت في السنوات 1864-1865) هي آخر رواية انتهى تشارلز ديكنز من كتابتها وتعد إحدى أكثر أعماله تعقيدا، حيث يجمع بين البصيرة النفسية والتحليل الاجتماعي. ، وبكلام الناقد جاي هيليس ميلر، فإنها تدور حول \"المال، والمال، والمال، وما يمكن أن يفعله المال في الحياة\"، ولكنها تدور أيضا حول القيم الإنسانية. في الفصول الافتتاحية يتم العثور على جثة في نهر التايمز، ويتم التعرف عليها بأنها جثة جون هارمون، وهو شاب عاد مؤخرا إلى لندن ليستلم ميراثه. ولو كان على قيد الحياة، فإن وصية أبيه تتطلب منه أن يتزوج بيلا ويلفر، وفتاة جميلة ومرتزقة لم يلتقىبها من قبل. بدلا من ذلك، فإن الأموال تنتقل إلى عائلة بوفين من الطبقة العاملة، وتنتشر آثارها في مختلف زوايا مجتمع لندن.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Our Mutual Friend, written in the years 1864–65, is the last novel completed by Charles Dickens and is one of his most sophisticated works, combining psychological insight with social analysis. It centres on, in the words of critic J. Hillis Miller, \"money, money, money, and what money can make of life\", but is also about human values. In the opening chapters a body is found in the Thames and identified as that of John Harmon, a young man recently returned to London to receive his inheritance. Were he alive, his father\\'s will would require him to marry Bella Wilfer, a beautiful, mercenary girl whom he had never met. 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Il romanzo esce a puntate sulle pagine di questo settimanale, e proprio con l'ultima puntata il settimanale chiuse i battenti.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《巴纳比·拉奇》（Barnaby Rudge）是狄更斯的著作，完成於1841年。小说描写的是1780年在英国爆发的一场反天主教的动乱。作者的主人公是巴纳比·拉奇，一个個性單純的好人，小说是从他的角度出发描写的。狄更斯在这部作品中表现出对动乱者一定的同情心。', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Barnaba Rudge (ang. Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of 'Eighty) – powieść historyczna Karola Dickensa, publikowana w odcinkach w 1841 roku. Akcja utworu rozpoczyna się w roku 1775 i trwa aż do rozruchów, które miały miejsce w Londynie w 1780, kiedy to mieszkańcy stolicy spalili więzienie Newgate.\", 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty (conhecido apenas como Barnaby Rudge) é um romance histórico do escritor britânico Charles Dickens. Barnaby Rudge foi um dos dois romances (o outro foi The Old Curiosity Shop) que Dickens publicou no seu periódico semanal Master Humphrey's Clock. A ação de Barbaby Rudge decorre nos Gordon Riots de 1780.\", 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of 'EightyBarnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of 'Eighty (titre français : Barnabé Rudge, conte des émeutes de quatre-vingt), habituellement connu en anglais sous le titre de Barnaby Rudge, est un roman historique de Charles Dickens (1812-1870), publié en Angleterre par Chapman & Hall sous la forme de feuilleton de quatre-vingt-huit épisodes hebdomadaires de février à novembre 1841 dans l'éphémère revue Master Humphrey's Clock (« L'Horloge de Maître Humphrey », 1840-1841).\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty (commonly known as Barnaby Rudge) is a historical novel by British novelist Charles Dickens. Barnaby Rudge was one of two novels (the other was The Old Curiosity Shop) that Dickens published in his short-lived (1840–1841) weekly serial Master Humphrey's Clock. Barnaby Rudge is largely set during the Gordon Riots of 1780.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Barnaby Rudge (volledige titel Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty) is een historische roman door Charles Dickens. Barnaby Rudge (samen met The Old Curiosity Shop) was een van de twee romans die Dickens publiceerde in zijn korte wekelijkse serie Master Humphrey's Clock, die uitgegeven werd tussen 1840 en 1841. Het was de eerste poging van Dickens om een historische roman te schrijven, de andere was A Tale of Two Cities.\", 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Barnaby Rudge, subtitulada A Tale of the Riots of Eighty [Relato de los disturbios del año 80], es una novela histórica del escritor inglés Charles Dickens. Barnaby Rudge fue una de las dos únicas novelas (la otra fue La tienda de antigüedades) que publicó su autor en el semanario de su propiedad llamado Master Humphrey's Clock, que solo apareció en el período 1840-41. Barnaby Rudge está ambientada en los llamados Gordon Riots, disturbios anticatólicos en la Inglaterra del año 1780.\", 'lang': 'es'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/Barnaby_Rudge'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/Barnaby_Rudge'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.03dwx_'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q2362527'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Barnaby_Rudge'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pt.dbpedia.org/resource/Barnaby_Rudge'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2362527'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://nl.dbpedia.org/resource/Barnaby_Rudge'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/Barnaby_Rudge'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pl.dbpedia.org/resource/Barnaba_Rudge'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnaby_Rudge?oldid=701450113'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'بارنابي رادج: حكاية من الشغب الثمانين (بالإنجليزية: Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty) (المعروفة باسم بارنابي رادج) هي رواية تاريخية كتبها الروائي البريطاني تشارلز ديكنز. وكانت هذه الرواية هي إحدى روايتين (الأخرى هي متجر الفضول القديم) نشرها ديكنز في دوريته الأسبوعية قصيرة العمر \"ساعة السيد هامفري\" (1840-1841). وتدور أغلب أحداث رواية بارنابيردج خلال أعمال شغب جوردون عام 1780.كانت رواية بارنابي رادج خامس ما نشر من روايات ديكنز. وكان من المقرر أن تكون الأولى، ولكن تغيير ديكنز للناشرين الذين عمل معهم أدي لتأجيل نشر الرواية عدة مرات، وظهرت أول مرة في شكل مسلسل في دورية \"ساعة السيد هامفري\" من فبراير إلى نوفمبر 1841.كان هذه الرواية أولى روايات ديكنز التاريخية. ولم ينتج بعدها سوى رواية تاريخية واحدة قي قصة مدينتين، والتي تدور أحداثها في زمن الثورات. وهي واحدة من أقل رواياته شعبية، ووصفها الناقد بيتر أكرويد بأنها أكثر قصة مهملة بين أعماله وإن كانت من أجملها. ونادرا ما تم اقتباسها للسينما أو التلفزيون. وآخر اقتباس لها كان عام 1960 في مسلسل تلفزيوني من إنتاج بي بي سي. وأنتج فبل هذا فيلمان صامتات عامي 1911 و 1915.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty (commonly known as Barnaby Rudge) is a historical novel by British novelist Charles Dickens. Barnaby Rudge was one of two novels (the other was The Old Curiosity Shop) that Dickens published in his short-lived (1840–1841) weekly serial Master Humphrey's Clock. Barnaby Rudge is largely set during the Gordon Riots of 1780. Barnaby Rudge was the fifth of Dickens' novels to be published. It had originally been planned to appear as his first, but changes of publisher led to many delays, and it first appeared in serial form in the Clock from February to November 1841. It was Dickens' first historical novel. His only other is the much later A Tale of Two Cities, also set in revolutionary times. It is one of his less popular novels and has rarely been adapted for film or television. The last production was a 1960 BBC production; prior to that, silent films were made in 1911 and 1915.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Barnaby Rudge, pubblicato in Italia anche con il titolo Barnaby Rudge ossia il morto che attira (Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty) è un romanzo storico di Charles Dickens del 1841. Quando inizia a scrivere questo romanzo l'autore è già affermato e da pochi mesi ha fondato un settimanale, il Master Humphrey's Clock. Il romanzo esce a puntate sulle pagine di questo settimanale, e proprio con l'ultima puntata il settimanale chiuse i battenti. Il libro naturalmente risente del metodo di pubblicazione a puntate, come quasi tutti i libri di Dickens. Il lettore esigeva ad ogni puntata la sua razione di commozione (con scene di miseria, di povertà, di ingiustizia) e di commedia (con personaggi sopra le righe, ridanciani, grotteschi, idioti o con scene comiche e spassose).\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Barnaba Rudge (ang. Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of \\'Eighty) – powieść historyczna Karola Dickensa, publikowana w odcinkach w 1841 roku. Akcja utworu rozpoczyna się w roku 1775 i trwa aż do rozruchów, które miały miejsce w Londynie w 1780, kiedy to mieszkańcy stolicy spalili więzienie Newgate. Dickens podpisał ze swoim wydawcą Richardem Bentleyem umowę na napisanie powieści historycznej już w maju 1836 roku. Planowany utwór miał nosić tytuł Gabriel Varden, The Locksmith of London, a jego publikacja w comiesięcznych odcinkach miała się rozpocząć zaraz po zakończeniu wydawania Olivera Twista. Pracę nad utworem rozpoczął pisarz w 1839 roku, wtedy też zdecydował się ostatecznie na tytuł Barnaba Rudge. Prace posuwały się jednak bardzo wolno, z powodu nadmiaru zajęć, w które Dickens był zaangażowany, a także konfliktu i zerwania współpracy z Richardem Bentleyem. Ostatecznie powieść została ukończona w 1841 roku i wtedy też ukazywała się w cotygodniowych odcinkach przez firmę \"Chapman and Hall\", w redagowanych przez pisarza zeszytach pt. Master Humphrey\\'s Clock.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Barnaby Rudge (volledige titel Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty) is een historische roman door Charles Dickens. Barnaby Rudge (samen met The Old Curiosity Shop) was een van de twee romans die Dickens publiceerde in zijn korte wekelijkse serie Master Humphrey's Clock, die uitgegeven werd tussen 1840 en 1841. Het was de eerste poging van Dickens om een historische roman te schrijven, de andere was A Tale of Two Cities. Barnaby Rudge gaat over gebeurtenissen voorafgaand aan en tijdens de Gordon Riots in 1780. Het personage Barnaby Rudge is een dorpsgek die door het verhaal heen dwaalt, samen met zijn moeder en zijn tamme raaf Grip.\", 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《巴纳比·拉奇》（Barnaby Rudge）是狄更斯的著作，完成於1841年。小说描写的是1780年在英国爆发的一场反天主教的动乱。作者的主人公是巴纳比·拉奇，一个個性單純的好人，小说是从他的角度出发描写的。狄更斯在这部作品中表现出对动乱者一定的同情心。', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of 'Eighty Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of 'Eighty (titre français : Barnabé Rudge, conte des émeutes de quatre-vingt), habituellement connu en anglais sous le titre de Barnaby Rudge, est un roman historique de Charles Dickens (1812-1870), publié en Angleterre par Chapman & Hall sous la forme de feuilleton de quatre-vingt-huit épisodes hebdomadaires de février à novembre 1841 dans l'éphémère revue Master Humphrey's Clock (« L'Horloge de Maître Humphrey », 1840-1841). L'action du roman concerne un ancien meurtre perpétré dans une petite ville non loin de Londres, sur quoi se greffent, quelque vingt-cinq ans après, les émeutes anti-catholiques dites Gordon Riots, conduites par Lord George Gordon, qui, du 2 au à Londres, ont provoqué de très importants dégâts et fait de nombreuses victimes. Barnaby Rudge est le septième roman de Charles Dickens, d'abord conçu en 1836 sous le titre Gabriel Vardon, The Locksmith of London (« Gabriel Vardon, serrurier à Londres »), pour Richard Bentley qui rêve d'une grande œuvre romanesque en trois volumes (three-decker) destinée à sa revue, le Bentley's Miscellany. Longtemps retardé par divers démêlés éditoriaux, il est finalement rassemblé en un seul volume par Chapman & Hall avec son titre définitif. C'est le premier essai de Dickens dans le genre historique, le second étant A Tale of Two Cities (Le Conte de deux cités), publié en 1859 et situé au temps de la Révolution française. La première édition a été illustrée par George Cattermole et Hablot K(night) Browne, dit Phiz. D'après Gordon Spence, c'est l'œuvre d'un homme jeune (38 ans) en pleine possession de son thème, qu'il a depuis longtemps déjà l'ambition de traiter avec envergure, et le chemin ayant conduit à sa publication fait écho à la montée en gloire de l'écrivain. Pourtant, il ne figure pas au palmarès des œuvres les plus appréciées de Dickens et a été peu exploité par la caméra, puisqu'existent seulement un film muet réalisé en 1915 et une adaptation produite par la BBC en 1960.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty (conhecido apenas como Barnaby Rudge) é um romance histórico do escritor britânico Charles Dickens. Barnaby Rudge foi um dos dois romances (o outro foi The Old Curiosity Shop) que Dickens publicou no seu periódico semanal Master Humphrey's Clock. A ação de Barbaby Rudge decorre nos Gordon Riots de 1780. Barnaby Rudge foi o quinto romance que Charles Dickens publicou. Originalmente, este deveria ter sido o primeiro romance do escritor a ser publicado, mas uma mudança de editora causou vários atrasos e a história acabou por ser lançado em série entre fevereiro e novembro de 1841.Este foi o primeiro romance histórico de Charles Dickens (A Tale of Two Cities, cuja ação decorre na altura da Revolução Francesa foi o único que o sucedeu neste campo) e tem poucas adaptações ao cinema e à televisão, algo raro no que toca à obra de Dickens. A personagem de Grip, o corvo inspirou o famoso poema O Corvo de Edgar Allan Poe. O autor americano escreveu uma crítica deste romance na Graham's Magazine e disse, entre outras coisas, que o corvo deveria ter tido um propósito mais profético e que deveria ser mais solene e não tão cómico.\", 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Barnaby Rudge, subtitulada A Tale of the Riots of Eighty [Relato de los disturbios del año 80], es una novela histórica del escritor inglés Charles Dickens. Barnaby Rudge fue una de las dos únicas novelas (la otra fue La tienda de antigüedades) que publicó su autor en el semanario de su propiedad llamado Master Humphrey's Clock, que solo apareció en el período 1840-41. Barnaby Rudge está ambientada en los llamados Gordon Riots, disturbios anticatólicos en la Inglaterra del año 1780.\", 'lang': 'es'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/illustrator': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/George_Cattermole'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hablot_Knight_Browne'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/literaryGenre': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Historical_fiction'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Social_criticism'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/mediaType': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Serial_(literature)'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/publisher': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chapman_&_Hall'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/series': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': \"http://dbpedia.org/resource/Master_Humphrey's_Clock\"}], 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'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chapman_&_Hall'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/series': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 88, 'datatype': 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Master Humphrey's Clock:\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'February–November 1841', 'lang': 'en'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/titleOrig': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of 'Eighty\", 'lang': 'en'}]}","languages":"['en']","LCC":"{'PR'}","publication_date":"","subjects":"","wikipedia":"['https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnaby_Rudge', 'https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%AC', 'https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnaby_Rudge', 'https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnaby_Rudge', 'https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnaba_Rudge', 'https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Barnaby_Rudge', 'https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC', 'https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnaby_Rudge', 'https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Barnaby_Rudge', 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnaby_Rudge', 'https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnaby_Rudge', 'https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnaby_Rudge', 'https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%BA%B3%E6%AF%94%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A5%87', 'https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnaby_Rudge']","author":"Dickens, Charles","id":"917.0","gutenberg_bookshelf":"Historical Fiction","_version":"0.2.0","releaseDate":"","alternative_title":"","title":"Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of 'Eighty","type":"Text","wp_literary_genres":"['Historical_fiction', 'Social_criticism']","contributor":"","edition_note":"","titlepage_image":"","jmdate":"","publisher":"Project Gutenberg","covers":"[{'cover_type': 'generated', 'image_path': 'cover.png'}]","description":"Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty (commonly known as Barnaby Rudge) is a historical novel by British novelist Charles Dickens. Barnaby Rudge was one of two novels (the other was The Old Curiosity Shop) that Dickens published in his short-lived (1840–1841) weekly serial Master Humphrey's Clock. Barnaby Rudge is largely set during the Gordon Riots of 1780.\nBarnaby Rudge was the fifth of Dickens' novels to be published. It had originally been planned to appear as his first, but changes of publisher led to many delays, and it first appeared in serial form in the Clock from February to November 1841.\nIt was Dickens' first historical novel. His only other is the much later A Tale of Two Cities, also set in revolutionary times. It is one of his less popular novels and has rarely been adapted for film or television. The last production was a 1960 BBC production; prior to that, silent films were made in 1911 and 1915.\n\n\n From Wikipedia (CC BY-SA).","filename":"/run/media/jon/SAMSUNG/gitenberg/Barnaby-Rudge--A-Tale-of-the-Riots-of-Eighty_917/917.txt"},{"lcsh":"{'England -- Social life and customs -- 19th century', 'Young men -- England'}","summary":"","series_note":"","creator":"","production_note":"","downloads":"10","rights_url":"","wp_publication_date":"","authoryearofdeath":"1870","_repo":"","wp_subjects":"","language_note":"","tableOfContents":"","gutenberg_issued":"","identifiers":"","formats":"{'text/plain; charset=utf-8': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/files/918/918-0.zip', 'application/rdf+xml': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/918.rdf', 'application/epub+zip': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/918.epub.noimages', 'application/x-mobipocket-ebook': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/918.kindle.noimages', 'text/html': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/files/918/918-h/918-h.htm'}","gutenberg_type":"","":"901","publication_note":"","url":"","edition_identifiers":"","rights":"","authoryearofbirth":"1812","wp_info":"","languages":"['en']","LCC":"{'PR'}","publication_date":"","subjects":"","wikipedia":"","author":"Dickens, Charles","id":"918.0","gutenberg_bookshelf":"","_version":"","releaseDate":"","alternative_title":"","title":"Sketches of Young Gentlemen","type":"Text","wp_literary_genres":"","contributor":"","edition_note":"","titlepage_image":"","jmdate":"","publisher":"","covers":"","description":"","filename":""},{"lcsh":"{'England -- Social life and customs -- 19th century', 'Sunday'}","summary":"","series_note":"","creator":"","production_note":"","downloads":"19","rights_url":"","wp_publication_date":"","authoryearofdeath":"1870","_repo":"","wp_subjects":"","language_note":"","tableOfContents":"","gutenberg_issued":"","identifiers":"","formats":"{'text/html': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/files/922/922-h/922-h.htm', 'image/jpeg': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/922/pg922.cover.medium.jpg', 'text/plain; 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C'est le plus politique des romans de Dickens et aussi celui dont la structure est la plus symbolique : il est en effet divisé en deux livres, le premier intitulé « Pauvreté » et le second « Richesse », chacun comptant dix numéros parus au prix de 1 shilling, la dernière livraison en ayant réuni deux.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Кро́шка До́ррит» (англ. Little Dorrit) — одиннадцатый роман английского писателя Чарльза Диккенса, впервые публиковавшийся в журнале «Домашнее чтение» с декабря 1855 года по июнь 1857 . Вместе с произведениями «Холодный дом» и «Тяжёлые времена» входит в тройку социально значимых работ автора . Роман разделён на две книги: книгу первую «Бедность»  и книгу вторую «Богатство» . Действия происходят в Англии начала XIX века .', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Little Dorrit is a novel by Charles Dickens, originally published in serial form between 1855 and 1857. It satirizes the shortcomings of both government and society, including the institution of debtors\\' prisons, where debtors were imprisoned, unable to work, until they repaid their debts. The prison in this case is the Marshalsea, where Dickens\\'s own father had been imprisoned. Dickens is also critical of the lack of a social safety net, the treatment and safety of industrial workers, as well the bureaucracy of the British Treasury, in the form of his fictional \"Circumlocution Office\". In addition he satirizes the stratification of society that results from the British class system.', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Mała Dorrit (ang. Little Dorrit) – powieść Karola Dickensa, publikowana w odcinkach w latach 1855–1857. Utwór opowiada o losach rodziny Dorrit i dotyka problemów spekulacji giełdowych i nieudolności rządu.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'La piccola Dorrit (Little Dorrit) è un romanzo dello scrittore britannico Charles Dickens pubblicato per la prima volta tra il 1855 e il 1857.', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Little Dorrit (pt.: A Pequena Dorrit) é um romance de Charles Dickens lançado em série entre 1855 e 1857 e em livro em 1857. É um trabalho de sátira sobre as falhas do governo e da sociedade da época. Muita da ira de Dickens centra-se nas prisões civis, nas quais os devedores eram presos e impedidos de trabalhar até pagarem as suas dívidas. A prisão que serve de representação dessa realidade neste caso é a Marshlsea, local onde o pai de Charles Dickens esteve detido durante alguns anos. A maioria das restantes críticas de Dickens neste romance dizem respeito à rede de segurança social: a indústria e o tratamento e segurança dos seus trabalhadores; a burocracia do Tesouro Britânico e a separação das pessoas em consequência da interação entre classes sociais .', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'La pequeña Dorrit (en inglés original, Little Dorrit) es una novela por entregas escrita por Charles Dickens, publicada por primera vez por entregas de 1855 a 1857. La obra es una sátira oscura y directa sobre la incompetencia del gobierno de la época y la hipocresía de la sociedad victoriana.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'リトル・ドリット（Little Dorrit）は、チャールズ・ディケンズの小説。1855年から1857年まで月刊連載。日本では1995年にちくま文庫より出版（小池滋訳）。', 'lang': 'ja'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ja.dbpedia.org/resource/リトル・ドリット'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/Little_Dorrit'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://cs.dbpedia.org/resource/Malá_Dorritka'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pl.dbpedia.org/resource/Mała_Dorrit'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/La_Petite_Dorrit'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q565638'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q565638'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.012yyq'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/La_piccola_Dorrit'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/La_pequeña_Dorrit'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://sw.cyc.com/concept/Mx4ri2V9I7MbRt-SumkyvZ5LbQ'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pt.dbpedia.org/resource/Little_Dorrit'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Dorrit?oldid=704588143'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Little Dorrit (pt.: A Pequena Dorrit) é um romance de Charles Dickens lançado em série entre 1855 e 1857 e em livro em 1857. É um trabalho de sátira sobre as falhas do governo e da sociedade da época. Muita da ira de Dickens centra-se nas prisões civis, nas quais os devedores eram presos e impedidos de trabalhar até pagarem as suas dívidas. A prisão que serve de representação dessa realidade neste caso é a Marshlsea, local onde o pai de Charles Dickens esteve detido durante alguns anos. A maioria das restantes críticas de Dickens neste romance dizem respeito à rede de segurança social: a indústria e o tratamento e segurança dos seus trabalhadores; a burocracia do Tesouro Britânico e a separação das pessoas em consequência da interação entre classes sociais .', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"La Petite Dorrit (Little Dorrit), onzième roman de Charles Dickens (1812-1870), est le deuxième d'une série de trois romans politiques et sociaux, publié en feuilletons mensuels, vingt numéros en dix-neuf publications, de décembre 1855 à juin 1857 par Bradbury and Evans. C'est le plus politique des romans de Dickens et aussi celui dont la structure est la plus symbolique : il est en effet divisé en deux livres, le premier intitulé « Pauvreté » et le second « Richesse », chacun comptant dix numéros parus au prix de 1 shilling, la dernière livraison en ayant réuni deux. Œuvre satirique, il dénonce les institutions du royaume, en particulier celle de la prison pour dettes où sont enfermés les débiteurs sans qu'ils puissent travailler, en l'occurrence, la prison de Marshalsea, que Dickens connaît bien car son père y a été retenu. Les autres dénonciations de Dickens portent sur l'insécurité des travailleurs de l'industrie, les conditions de leur emploi, la bureaucratie du ministère des Finances (H M Treasury), le jargon technocrate, que Dickens recense au livre I, chapitre 10, dans la célèbre liste du Circumlocution Office, le « ministère des Circonlocutions », de même que la séparation et le manque de communication entre les classes sociales. D'après Paul Davis, la passivité du héros et de l'héroïne, la complication et l'obscurité de l'intrigue relative à l'héritage perdu, la noirceur du tableau social rendent cette histoire à la fois sombre et ambiguë. Elle se présente, en effet, comme une sorte d'anatomie de la société victorienne qu'obsèdent la richesse et le pouvoir, qu'enserre un corset de traditions profitant aux classes dites privilégiées et que plombe une religion oppressive et stérile. La lutte que mènent Amy Dorrit et Arthur Clennam pour se libérer de ces chaînes sociales, la rédemption finale et l'espérance nouvelle ne suffisent pas, selon lui, à lever le voile de ténèbres dont l'œuvre semble enveloppée. De fait, le roman a fait l'objet de nombreuses critiques à sa parution, pour son humeur sombre et son intrigue compliquée justement, ce qui n'a nullement nui aux ventes qui ont dépassé toutes celles des parutions précédentes. Cependant certains auteurs l'ont plus tard réhabilité, en particulier G. B. Shaw (1856-1950) qui le juge « plus séditieux que Le Capital de Karl Marx » et l'appelle « le chef-d'œuvre des chefs-d'œuvre » (« the masterpiece of masterpieces »), Lionel Trilling qui le range parmi les plus profonds ouvrages du XIXe siècle, et Angus Wilson, sensible surtout à « la grisaille du mal qui recouvre le monde » (« the all-pervading grey evil of the world »). Paul Schilcke résume l'opinion actuelle en écrivant que La Petite Dorrit en est venu à être admirée comme l'une des plus grandes œuvres de Dickens.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Кро́шка До́ррит» (англ. Little Dorrit) — одиннадцатый роман английского писателя Чарльза Диккенса, впервые публиковавшийся в журнале «Домашнее чтение» с декабря 1855 года по июнь 1857 . Вместе с произведениями «Холодный дом» и «Тяжёлые времена» входит в тройку социально значимых работ автора . Роман разделён на две книги: книгу первую «Бедность»  и книгу вторую «Богатство» . Действия происходят в Англии начала XIX века . Диккенс повествует о судьбах людей в их сложном переплетении, параллельно вскрывая пороки государственной системы, душащей все прогрессивное в стране .После публикации роман был раскритикован современниками. В первую очередь из-за ироничного (и даже саркастического) изображения современной Англии  и сложного запутанного сюжета. Признание и славу книга получила много позже, когда такие известные литературоведы и писатели, как Достоевский, Бернард Шоу и Лайонел Триллинг высказали ряд положительных отзывов об этом произведении .', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Mała Dorrit (ang. Little Dorrit) – powieść Karola Dickensa, publikowana w odcinkach w latach 1855–1857. Utwór opowiada o losach rodziny Dorrit i dotyka problemów spekulacji giełdowych i nieudolności rządu.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'La pequeña Dorrit (en inglés original, Little Dorrit) es una novela por entregas escrita por Charles Dickens, publicada por primera vez por entregas de 1855 a 1857. La obra es una sátira oscura y directa sobre la incompetencia del gobierno de la época y la hipocresía de la sociedad victoriana. Buena parte de las críticas de Dickens se centran en las prisiones de deudores de la época, prisiones en las que los deudores eran encarcelados, sin posibilidad de trabajar, hasta que de algún modo pagaban sus deudas; en muchos casos, el deudor podía pasar décadas en prisión antes de ser amnistiado ante la evidencia de ser incapaz de pagar, o moría en prisión olvidado por todos. Para criticar esta situación, Dickens sitúa buena parte de la trama en la prisión de deudores de Marshalsea, en la margen derecha del río Támesis a su paso por Londres, que es descrita con gran viveza sobre todo porque el propio padre del autor fue encarcelado en ella. Buena parte del resto de las críticas que Dickens realiza en la obra se centran en los problemas sociales de su tiempo: la industrialización y la seguridad de los trabajadores; la incompetente e innecesaria burocracia de la Hacienda británica, para la cual crea el ficticio \"Departamento del Circunloquio\", cuya principal misión es \"cómo no hacer nada\", ni dejar hacerlo; la incapacidad de la sociedad británica para reconocer el talento individual; y el desprecio de las clases altas hacia las bajas y la falta de cualquier intento de acercamiento hacia ellas.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'La piccola Dorrit (Little Dorrit) è un romanzo dello scrittore britannico Charles Dickens pubblicato per la prima volta tra il 1855 e il 1857.', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'دوريت الصغيرة هي رواية متسلسلة للمؤلف \"تشارلز ديكنز\" والتي تم نشرها بين 1855 و 1857. وهو عمل تم انشاؤه للتهكم على جوانب القصور من الحكومة والمجتمع في تلك الفترة. تركز غضب \"دكنيز\" في هذه الرواية على المؤسسات المسؤولة عن سجن المدينين والتي يسجن فيها الأشخاص المدينين, الذين لايستطيعون العمل حتى يتمكنوا من تسديد دينهم. كان سجن \"مارشلسيا\" هو السجن المسؤول عن هذه الحالات, والذي سجن فيه والد المؤلف نفسه. وتتعلق معظم الانتقادات في هذه الرواية بالتحديد على شبكة الأمان الاجتماعي: الصناعة والعلاج وسلامة العمال؛ و بيروقراطية \"وزارة الخزانة البريطانية\" والتي ظهرت في مكتب \"سيركوملوكوشن\" الخيالي. ... 10])؛ والتفريق بين الناس استناداً على انعدام التواصل بين الطبقات.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《小杜麗》（Little Dorrit）是英國作家狄更斯的长篇小说作品，發表於1855年—1857年。故事可分為上下兩部，上部內容寫威廉·杜麗全家老少因無力償還債務而先後被終身監禁於位於倫敦橋和喬治教堂南大街的中段的馬夏爾西監獄（Marshalea Prison），她的父親被稱為馬夏西之父，她遇到了同為獄友的海吉格醫生，下半部內容則寫小杜麗家變有錢之後。這部小說極具灰暗色彩，故事中的“繁榮”代表的本質就是邪惡，諷刺英國官僚機制“什麼事都不做”的麻木不仁。', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Little Dorrit is a novel by Charles Dickens, originally published in serial form between 1855 and 1857. It satirizes the shortcomings of both government and society, including the institution of debtors\\' prisons, where debtors were imprisoned, unable to work, until they repaid their debts. The prison in this case is the Marshalsea, where Dickens\\'s own father had been imprisoned. Dickens is also critical of the lack of a social safety net, the treatment and safety of industrial workers, as well the bureaucracy of the British Treasury, in the form of his fictional \"Circumlocution Office\". In addition he satirizes the stratification of society that results from the British class system.', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'リトル・ドリット（Little Dorrit）は、チャールズ・ディケンズの小説。1855年から1857年まで月刊連載。 日本では1995年にちくま文庫より出版（小池滋訳）。', 'lang': 'ja'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/illustrator': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hablot_Knight_Browne'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/literaryGenre': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Novel'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/publisher': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bradbury_and_Evans'}], 'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Little Dorrit', 'lang': 'en'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/name': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Little Dorrit', 'lang': 'en'}], 'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/depiction': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Littledorrit_serial_cover.jpg'}], 'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/isPrimaryTopicOf': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Dorrit'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/thumbnail': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Littledorrit_serial_cover.jpg?width=300'}], 'http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:1857_novels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Novels_first_published_in_serial_form'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:19th-century_novels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Marshalsea'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Novels_by_Charles_Dickens'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Victorian_novels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:English_novels'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageID': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 147951, 'datatype': 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageRevisionID': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 704588143, 'datatype': 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageExternalLink': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.archive.org/stream/littledorrit00dickrich#page/n7/mode/2up'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.communitywalk.com/little_dorrit_map/map/1661073'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/genre': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Novel', 'lang': 'en'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/illustrator': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Hablot Knight Browne', 'lang': 'en'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/property/publisher': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bradbury_and_Evans'}]}","languages":"['en']","LCC":"{'PR'}","publication_date":"","subjects":"","wikipedia":"['https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikku_Dorrit', 'https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%86%DA%A9', 'https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Little_Dorrit', 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Little_Dorrit', 'https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D1%96%D1%82', 'https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/La_Petite_Dorrit', 'https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%88', 'https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Dorrit', 'https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_peque%C3%B1a_Dorrit', 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Dorrit', 'https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82', 'https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Petite_Dorrit', 'https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%9D%9C%E4%B8%BD', 'https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%82a_Dorrit', 'https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Dorrit', 'https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilla_Dorrit', 'https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9)', 'https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%A1_Dorritka', 'https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_piccola_Dorrit', 'https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lille_Dorrit', 'https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Dorrit', 'https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%94']","author":"Dickens, Charles","id":"963.0","gutenberg_bookshelf":"","_version":"0.2.1","releaseDate":"","alternative_title":"","title":"Little Dorrit","type":"Text","wp_literary_genres":"['Novel']","contributor":"","edition_note":"","titlepage_image":"","jmdate":"","publisher":"Project Gutenberg","covers":"[{'cover_type': 'archival', 'image_path': '963-h/images/cover.jpg'}]","description":"Little Dorrit is a novel by Charles Dickens, originally published in serial form between 1855 and 1857. It satirizes the shortcomings of both government and society, including the institution of debtors' prisons, where debtors were imprisoned, unable to work, until they repaid their debts. The prison in this case is the Marshalsea, where Dickens's own father had been imprisoned. Dickens is also critical of the lack of a social safety net, the treatment and safety of industrial workers, as well the bureaucracy of the British Treasury, in the form of his fictional \"Circumlocution Office\". 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'value': 'Nicholas Nickleby', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Nicholas Nickleby', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Nicholas Nickleby', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'نيكولاس نيكلبي', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Nicholas Nickleby', 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'ニコラス・ニクルビー', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Nicholas Nickleby', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Nicholas Nickleby (boek)', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Nicholas Nickleby', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Nicholas Nickleby', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Николас Никльби', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '尼古拉斯·尼克贝', 'lang': 'zh'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Nicholas Nickleby, pubblicato in Italia anche con i titoli Nicholas Nickleby e il signor Squeers, Vita e avventure di Nicholas Nickleby (Nicholas Nickleby), è il terzo romanzo di Charles Dickens, pubblicato originariamente in capitoli sul settimanale edito da Chapman and Hall tra l'aprile del 1838 e l'ottobre del 1839.Come usa spesso Dickens la storia si svolge in un tempo contemporaneo all'autore, la maggior parte delle scene si svolgono a Londra e alcune a Portsmouth.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'نيكولاس نيكلبي، أو حياة ومغامرات نيكولاس نيكلبي، هي رواية (أدب) للأديب الإنجليزي تشارلز ديكنز. نشرت أصلاُ كسلسلة في الفترة 1838-1839، وقد كانت رواية ديكنز الثالثة.تركز الرواية على حياة ومغامرات نيكولاس نيكلبي، وهو شاب كان عليه أن يدعم والدته وشقيقته بعد وفاة والده.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《尼古拉斯·尼克貝》（英文：Nicholas Nickleby，又譯《尼古拉斯·尼古爾貝》）是查理斯·狄更斯的一部幽默小說和教育小說。它原本以連載的形式出版，為狄更斯第三本小說。這本長篇小說主要講述尼古拉斯·尼克貝的生平和事蹟。尼克貝的父親去世後，他必須照顧他的母親和妹妹。故事的反派是他的叔叔拉爾夫，他認為尼克貝不够出色。喬治‧吉辛、G‧K‧卻爾斯頓等人都称赞這本小說對人物性格幽默的描写，但是亦有人因人物發展的不足而批評它。', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"The Life and Adventures of Nicholas NicklebyThe Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, containing a Faithful Account of the Fortunes, Misfortunes, Uprisings, Downfallings and Complete Career of the Nickleby Family (Vie et aventures de Nicholas Nickleby, contenant le fidèle compte-rendu des bonnes et mauvaises fortunes, des succès et des échecs, et la carrière complète de la famille Nickleby), communément appelé Nicholas Nickleby (prononciation : /'ni.kə.ləs 'ni.kəl.bi/), est le troisième grand roman de Charles Dickens, publié en feuilleton de 1838 à 1839 avec des illustrations de Hablot Knight Browne (dit Phiz), puis en un volume. Mark Ford le décrit comme « le prototype du roman dickensien, Pickwick Papers et Oliver Twist étant si totalement sui generis qu'ils en sont devenus uniques »\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Жи́знь и приключе́ния Ни́коласа Ни́кльби» (The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby) — воспитательный роман Чарлза Диккенса. Написан в 1838—1839 годах и выпускался 19 отдельными частями с марта 1838 по сентябрь 1839. Каждая часть состояла из 32 страниц текста и двух иллюстраций ценой в один шиллинг. Первое полное издание было издано в лондонском издательстве Чапман & Холл в 1839 году.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Nicholas Nickleby; or, The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby is a novel by Charles Dickens. Originally published as a serial from 1838 to 1839, it was Dickens' third novel.The novel centers on the life and adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, a young man who must support his mother and sister after his father dies.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『ニコラス・ニクルビー』（Nicholas NicklebyまたはThe Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby）は、チャールズ・ディケンズの小説。1838年から1839年まで連載されたディケンズ3作品目の長編小説。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Nicholas Nickleby (auch: \"Nikolas Nickleby\" oder \"Nikolaus Nickleby\"; englischer Originaltitel: The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby) ist ein Roman von Charles Dickens aus dem Jahr 1838 / 1839. Durch den persönlichen Kontakt von Dickens mit dem Verleger George Westermann wurde der Roman sehr zügig von Karl Heinrich Hermes übersetzt und ebenfalls noch 1838–1839 in Braunschweig herausgegeben. Weitere deutsche Übersetzungen stammen von Carl Kolb (1855), Gustav Meyrink und Maria von Schweinitz (1966).', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Nicholas Nickleby (volledige titel: The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby) is een roman van Charles Dickens. Het boek verscheen aanvankelijk in afzonderlijke delen, die in 1838 en 1839 werden gepubliceerd.Het verhaal gaat over het leven en de belevenissen van Nicholas Nickleby, een jonge man die in het levensonderhoud moet voorzien van zijn moeder en zus, nadat zijn vader is overleden. Zijn oom Ralph, die denkt dat Nicholas nergens voor deugt, is een antagonist in het verhaal.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Nicholas Nickleby (ang. The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby) – powieść Karola Dickensa, publikowana w odcinkach w latach 1838–1839, nakładem firmy \"Chapman and Hall\". Była to trzecia powieść w dorobku pisarza. Opowiada o losach młodego nauczyciela, tytułowego Nicholasa i jego siostry Kate. Powieść zawiera charakterystyczny dla twórczości Dickensa motyw dziecka wyzyskiwanego przez dorosłych. W jej konstrukcji pojawiają się także elementy charakterystyczne dla melodramatu i baśni.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Nicholas Nickleby é um romance escrito pelo autor inglês Charles Dickens no período de 1838 a 1839. Dickens tirou partido de seu treino jornalístico ao escrever esta obra ficcional, chegando a visitar locais de ensino com o fim de retratar fielmente as situações difíceis a que se submetiam os órfãos tutorados temporariamente pelo protagonista.', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Nicholas Nickleby o La vida y las aventuras de Nicholas Nickleby (The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby) es una novela dramática de Charles Dickens. Publicada originalmente como una serie desde 1838 hasta 1839, ésta fue la tercera novela que escribió Charles Dickens.La novela trata de la vida y las aventuras de Nicholas Nickleby, un joven que debe sostener a su madre y a su hermana debido al fallecimiento de su padre. Su tío Ralph, que piensa que Nicolás nunca llegará a nada, desempeña el papel de antagonista.', 'lang': 'es'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Nicholas_Nickleby'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ko.dbpedia.org/resource/니콜라스_니클비'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q847642'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pt.dbpedia.org/resource/Nicholas_Nickleby'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pl.dbpedia.org/resource/Nicholas_Nickleby'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/Nicholas_Nickleby'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.03q_qg'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/Nicholas_Nickleby'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ja.dbpedia.org/resource/ニコラス・ニクルビー'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://de.dbpedia.org/resource/Nicholas_Nickleby'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/Nicholas_Nickleby'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q847642'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://nl.dbpedia.org/resource/Nicholas_Nickleby_(boek)'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Nickleby?oldid=707219868'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Nicholas Nickleby; or, The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby is a novel by Charles Dickens. Originally published as a serial from 1838 to 1839, it was Dickens' third novel. The novel centers on the life and adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, a young man who must support his mother and sister after his father dies.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Жи́знь и приключе́ния Ни́коласа Ни́кльби» (The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby) — воспитательный роман Чарлза Диккенса. Написан в 1838—1839 годах и выпускался 19 отдельными частями с марта 1838 по сентябрь 1839. Каждая часть состояла из 32 страниц текста и двух иллюстраций ценой в один шиллинг. Первое полное издание было издано в лондонском издательстве Чапман & Холл в 1839 году.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《尼古拉斯·尼克貝》（英文：Nicholas Nickleby，又譯《尼古拉斯·尼古爾貝》）是查理斯·狄更斯的一部幽默小說和教育小說。它原本以連載的形式出版，為狄更斯第三本小說。這本長篇小說主要講述尼古拉斯·尼克貝的生平和事蹟。尼克貝的父親去世後，他必須照顧他的母親和妹妹。故事的反派是他的叔叔拉爾夫，他認為尼克貝不够出色。喬治‧吉辛、G‧K‧卻爾斯頓等人都称赞這本小說對人物性格幽默的描写，但是亦有人因人物發展的不足而批評它。', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Nicholas Nickleby (auch: \"Nikolas Nickleby\" oder \"Nikolaus Nickleby\"; englischer Originaltitel: The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby) ist ein Roman von Charles Dickens aus dem Jahr 1838 / 1839. Durch den persönlichen Kontakt von Dickens mit dem Verleger George Westermann wurde der Roman sehr zügig von Karl Heinrich Hermes übersetzt und ebenfalls noch 1838–1839 in Braunschweig herausgegeben. Weitere deutsche Übersetzungen stammen von Carl Kolb (1855), Gustav Meyrink und Maria von Schweinitz (1966).', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Nicholas Nickleby o La vida y las aventuras de Nicholas Nickleby (The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby) es una novela dramática de Charles Dickens. Publicada originalmente como una serie desde 1838 hasta 1839, ésta fue la tercera novela que escribió Charles Dickens. La novela trata de la vida y las aventuras de Nicholas Nickleby, un joven que debe sostener a su madre y a su hermana debido al fallecimiento de su padre. Su tío Ralph, que piensa que Nicolás nunca llegará a nada, desempeña el papel de antagonista.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, containing a Faithful Account of the Fortunes, Misfortunes, Uprisings, Downfallings and Complete Career of the Nickleby Family (Vie et aventures de Nicholas Nickleby, contenant le fidèle compte-rendu des bonnes et mauvaises fortunes, des succès et des échecs, et la carrière complète de la famille Nickleby), communément appelé Nicholas Nickleby (prononciation : /'ni.kə.ləs 'ni.kəl.bi/), est le troisième grand roman de Charles Dickens, publié en feuilleton de 1838 à 1839 avec des illustrations de Hablot Knight Browne (dit Phiz), puis en un volume. Mark Ford le décrit comme « le prototype du roman dickensien, Pickwick Papers et Oliver Twist étant si totalement sui generis qu'ils en sont devenus uniques ». L'intrigue est centrée sur le personnage de Nicholas, jeune homme laissé impécunieux par la mort de son père et devant subvenir aux besoins de sa mère et de sa sœur. Son caractère droit et indépendant suscite l'antipathie de son oncle Ralph Nickleby qui le juge à tort sans valeur et le poursuit de son inimitié. Dans son sillage, se distinguent sa jeune sœur Kate et sa mère, l'inénarrable Mrs Nickleby. Commencé de concert avec Oliver Twist, le livre a connu un succès immédiat, en partie dû aux descriptions de l'école du Yorkshire que dirige l'épouvantable Wackford Squeers, où Nicholas est engagé comme répétiteur (usher) ; réplique de Bowes Academy à Greta Bridge, que Dickens a lui-même visitée sous une fausse identité en compagnie de son illustrateur et ami Hablot K. Browne lors de la préparation du roman. L'horreur des scènes décrites et le pathos qui en émane rappellent l'hospice où Oliver languit sous la férule du bedeau M. Bumble durant son enfance. L'action se situe surtout à Portsmouth et Londres, avec des épisodes dans le Yorkshire, le Devonshire, le Hampshire et le Surrey. Les thèmes principaux y concernent l'injustice sociale et la corruption morale dont sont victimes enfants et jeunes adultes, traitées sur le mode ironique de la satire. C'est aussi le premier d'une série de romans comportant une composante nettement romantique, les sentiments, la camaraderie, l'amitié et surtout l'amour, y jouant un rôle essentiel. George Gissing et G.K. Chesterton ont vivement loué le comique de certains personnages, en particulier celui de Mrs Nickleby et de Mme Mantalini, et Peter Ackroyd, dans sa biographie de Dickens, écrit de Nicholas Nickleby que c'est « peut-être le roman le plus drôle jamais écrit en anglais ». La fortune de Nicholas Nickleby a été fluctuante : bien qu'ayant la faveur du public (il se vend d'emblée à 50 000 exemplaires), il est d'abord négligé par la critique et subit une éclipse. Grâce aux travaux d'éminents auteurs, il retrouve son lustre dans la première moitié du XXe siècle et est désormais reconnu comme l'un des plus grands romans dickensiens. Il existe plusieurs traductions du roman en français ; la plus utilisée pendant longtemps (et ici) est celle d'Alfred des Essarts, sous la direction de Paul Lorain, publié par Hachette en 1845 et objet de nombreuses rééditions. Plus récemment a paru celle de Jacques Douady, Francis Ledoux et Marcelle Sibon, sous la direction de Sylvère Monod, publiée en 1966 par Gallimard dans la collection La Pléiade.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Nicholas Nickleby (ang. The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby) – powieść Karola Dickensa, publikowana w odcinkach w latach 1838–1839, nakładem firmy \"Chapman and Hall\". Była to trzecia powieść w dorobku pisarza. Opowiada o losach młodego nauczyciela, tytułowego Nicholasa i jego siostry Kate. Powieść zawiera charakterystyczny dla twórczości Dickensa motyw dziecka wyzyskiwanego przez dorosłych. W jej konstrukcji pojawiają się także elementy charakterystyczne dla melodramatu i baśni.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Nicholas Nickleby (volledige titel: The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby) is een roman van Charles Dickens. Het boek verscheen aanvankelijk in afzonderlijke delen, die in 1838 en 1839 werden gepubliceerd. Het verhaal gaat over het leven en de belevenissen van Nicholas Nickleby, een jonge man die in het levensonderhoud moet voorzien van zijn moeder en zus, nadat zijn vader is overleden. Zijn oom Ralph, die denkt dat Nicholas nergens voor deugt, is een antagonist in het verhaal.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'نيكولاس نيكلبي، أو حياة ومغامرات نيكولاس نيكلبي، هي رواية (أدب) للأديب الإنجليزي تشارلز ديكنز. نشرت أصلاُ كسلسلة في الفترة 1838-1839، وقد كانت رواية ديكنز الثالثة.تركز الرواية على حياة ومغامرات نيكولاس نيكلبي، وهو شاب كان عليه أن يدعم والدته وشقيقته بعد وفاة والده.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Nicholas Nickleby, pubblicato in Italia anche con i titoli Nicholas Nickleby e il signor Squeers, Vita e avventure di Nicholas Nickleby (Nicholas Nickleby), è il terzo romanzo di Charles Dickens, pubblicato originariamente in capitoli sul settimanale edito da Chapman and Hall tra l'aprile del 1838 e l'ottobre del 1839. Come usa spesso Dickens la storia si svolge in un tempo contemporaneo all'autore, la maggior parte delle scene si svolgono a Londra e alcune a Portsmouth. Il tono della narrazione è ironicamente critico, volto a sottolineare ciò che lui interpreta come ingiustizie sociali. Sebbene Nicholas Nickleby sia un romanzo scritto in contemporanea con il più celebre Oliver Twist e composto con una gravità minore rispetto a quello, conserva comunque la qualità di essere altrettanto commovente e significativo. La storia di Nicholas Nickleby è degna degli intrecci e delle complicazioni umane, tipici, nella letteratura di Charles Dickens. Il giovane Nicholas Nickleby si trova, in giovane età, a dover sostenere la sua famiglia, dopo la perdita del padre. La famiglia, trasferitasi nella caotica Londra, del 1800, cerca appoggio nella figura del fratello del defunto, Ralph Nickleby, che si rivelerà, ben presto, nella sua natura perfida ed egoistica. Fondendo drammaticità, spunti critici (si pensi alla situazione di Dotheboys Hall, in cui i bambini, giunti lì da famiglie benestanti, per apprendere le arti e le scienze, vengono ridotti in una semiprigionia, dai coniugi Squeers; od agli spunti descrittivi della Londra benestante, se non avvolte nel mantello dell'egoismo, almeno ridotte nel banale costruttivismo di opportunità effimere e lontane dall'umanità che ci si aspetta), satira e avventura, Dickens costruisce una trama ricca di fascino, con personaggi psicologicamente intensi, sebbene, a volte, stereotipati (si ricordi, oltre al protagonista omonimo, Smike, il giovane, prima schiavo degli Squeers, e poi amico del liberatore Nicholas, anche Ralph Nickleby, il perfido zio), e con ambientazioni ricche di particolari.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Nicholas Nickleby é um romance escrito pelo autor inglês Charles Dickens no período de 1838 a 1839. Dickens tirou partido de seu treino jornalístico ao escrever esta obra ficcional, chegando a visitar locais de ensino com o fim de retratar fielmente as situações difíceis a que se submetiam os órfãos tutorados temporariamente pelo protagonista.', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『ニコラス・ニクルビー』（Nicholas NicklebyまたはThe Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby）は、チャールズ・ディケンズの小説。1838年から1839年まで連載されたディケンズ3作品目の長編小説。', 'lang': 'ja'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/illustrator': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hablot_Knight_Browne'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/literaryGenre': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Novel'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/numberOfPages': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': '952', 'datatype': 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#positiveInteger'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/oclc': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 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Originally published as a serial from 1838 to 1839, it was Dickens' third novel.\nThe novel centers on the life and adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, a young man who must support his mother and sister after his father dies.\n\n\n From Wikipedia (CC BY-SA).","filename":"/run/media/jon/SAMSUNG/gitenberg/Nicholas-Nickleby_967/967.txt"},{"lcsh":"{'Bildungsromans', 'Avarice -- Fiction', 'British -- United States -- Fiction', 'Satire', 'Black humor', 'United States -- Description and travel -- Fiction', 'Young men -- Fiction', 'England -- Fiction', 'Grandfathers -- Fiction', 'Adventure stories'}","summary":"","series_note":"","creator":"{'author': {'agent_name': 'Dickens, Charles', 'alias': 'Boz', 'birthdate': 1812, 'deathdate': 1870, 'gutenberg_agent_id': '37', 'url': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/2009/agents/37', 'wikipedia': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens'}}","production_note":"","downloads":"377","rights_url":"http://creativecommons.org/about/pdm","wp_publication_date":"","authoryearofdeath":"1870","_repo":"Martin-Chuzzlewit_968","wp_subjects":"['Chapman_&_Hall_books', 'Novels_by_Charles_Dickens', 'Picaresque_novels', 'Novels_first_published_in_serial_form', 'English_novels', '1843_novels']","language_note":"","tableOfContents":"","gutenberg_issued":"2006-04-27","identifiers":"{'gutenberg': '968', 'wikidata': 'Q1903609'}","formats":"{'image/jpeg': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/968/pg968.cover.small.jpg', 'text/plain; 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Fue serializada originalmente entre 1843-44. Dickens proclamó que Martin Chuzzlewit puede ser su mejor trabajo, pero fue uno de los menos populares sus populares. Al igual que casi todas las novelas de Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit fue lanzado al público en cuotas mensuales. Las ventas iniciales de las partes mensuales fueron decepcionantes, en comparación con trabajos anteriores, por lo que Dickens cambió el plan para enviar al personaje del título a los Estados Unidos. Esto permitió al autor retratar los Estados Unidos (que él había visitado en 1842) satíricamente como un desierto cerca de la civilización', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Ма́ртин Че́злвит» (англ. The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, часто просто Martin Chuzzlewit) — роман Чарльза Диккенса. Выходил отдельными выпусками в 1843—1844 годах. В книге отразились впечатления автора от поездки в США в 1842 году, во многом негативные. Роман посвящён знакомой Диккенса — миллионерше-благотворительнице Анджеле Бердетт-Куттс.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Marcin Chuzzlewit – powieść łotrzykowska Karola Dickensa, publikowana w co miesięcznych odcinkach w latach 1843–1844. Utwór opowiada o losach tytułowego bohatera, który w poszukiwaniu pracy przemierza Anglię i Stany Zjednoczone. Zawiera elementy satyryczne, piętnujące chciwość i obłudę oraz stosunki społeczne, panujące w Anglii w okresie gwałtownego rozwoju przemysłu. Utwór cieszył się początkowo niewielkim powodzeniem czytelniczym, dlatego Dickiens, pamiętając o popularności swojego utworu Zarysy Ameryki, zdecydował się część akcji umieścić w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Jednak popularność utworu wzrosła dopiero po wprowadzeniu do niego komicznej postaci pani Gamp, nigdy jednak zeszyty z Marcinem Chuzzlewit nie osiągnęły takiego nakładu, jak wcześniejsze utwory pisarza.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Life and Adventures of Martin ChuzzlewitMartin Chuzzlewit ou Vie et aventures de Martin Chuzzlewit (en anglais The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit) est un roman de Charles Dickens, le dernier de sa série dite « picaresque », paru en 1844.Le livre est dédié à la baronne Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts (1814–1906), connue entre autres pour être l’héritière la plus riche d’Angleterre, amie de l’auteur avec qui elle a monté le projet de Urania Cottage destiné aux femmes dites « perdues ».', 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit (Leben und Abenteuer des Martin Chuszlewit), bekannter als Martin Chuzzlewit, ist ein Roman von Charles Dickens und gilt als der letzte seiner Schelmenromane. Der Roman erschien in mehreren Fortsetzungen zwischen 1843 und 1844. Dickens hielt Martin Chuzzlewit für eine seiner besten Arbeiten, allerdings erwies er sich als einer seiner am wenigsten populären Romane. Der Verkaufserfolg der ersten Fortsetzungen waren im Vergleich zu früheren Werken Charles Dickens’ enttäuschend. Als Reaktion darauf änderte Dickens die Handlung und ließ den Titelheld nach Amerika reisen. Dies gab Dickens die Möglichkeit, die Vereinigten Staaten, die er 1842 besucht hatte, satirisch als Wildnis darzustellen, in deren wenigen zivilisierteren Orten überwiegend betrügeri', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, meestal Martin Chuzzlewit genoemd, is de titel van wat wordt beschouwd als de laatste schelmenroman van de Britse schrijver Charles Dickens. Het boek verscheen aanvankelijk, zoals de meeste romans van Dickens, in afzonderlijke delen en werden van januari 1843 tot juli 1844 maandelijks in tijdschriftvorm gepubliceerd. In 1844 werd het ook in boekvorm uitgegeven.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『マーティン・チャズルウィット』（Martin Chuzzlewit）は、チャールズ・ディケンズの小説。1843年から1844年まで月刊連載されたディケンズ6作品目の長編小説。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit (mais conhecido simplesmente como Martin Chuzzlewit) é um livro de Charles Dickens e é considerado o seu último romance picaresco. Originalmente, como é o caso da maioria dos romances de Charles Dickens, este foi publicado em série mensalmente entre 1843 e 1844. Dickens achava que esta foi uma das suas melhores obras, porém foi um dos seus romances menos populares . As vendas dos diferentes lançamentos mensais foram consideradas dececionantes em comparação com os seus trabalhos anteriores, pelo que Dickens mudou a história de forma a enviar a sua personagem principal para a América. Isto permitiu que o autor retratasse os Estados Unidos (país que tinha visitado em 1842) de forma satírica como uma selva com alguns pequenos espaços de civilização ', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit (commonly known as Martin Chuzzlewit) is a novel by Charles Dickens, considered the last of his picaresque novels. It was originally serialised in 1843 and 1844. Dickens thought it to be his best work, but it was one of his least popular novels. Like nearly all of Dickens' novels, Martin Chuzzlewit was released to the public in monthly instalments. Early sales of the monthly parts were disappointing, compared to previous works, so Dickens changed the plot to send the title character to America. This allowed the author to portray the United States (which he had visited in 1842) satirically as a near wilderness with pockets of civilisation filled with deceptive and self-promoting hucksters.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Martin Chuzzlewit (titolo originale The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, in italiano \"Vita e avventure di Martin Chuzzlewit\") è un romanzo pubblicato mensilmente su un giornale (come quasi tutte le sue opere) tra il 1843 e il 1844 dall\\'autore inglese Charles Dickens.', 'lang': 'it'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/Martin_Chuzzlewit'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ja.dbpedia.org/resource/マーティン・チャズルウィット'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Martin_Chuzzlewit'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pt.dbpedia.org/resource/Martin_Chuzzlewit'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pl.dbpedia.org/resource/Marcin_Chuzzlewit'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/Martin_Chuzzlewit'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1903609'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://nl.dbpedia.org/resource/Martin_Chuzzlewit'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q1903609'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.0396nw'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://de.dbpedia.org/resource/Martin_Chuzzlewit'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/Martin_Chuzzlewit'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chuzzlewit?oldid=694693058'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Ма́ртин Че́злвит» (англ. The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, часто просто Martin Chuzzlewit) — роман Чарльза Диккенса. Выходил отдельными выпусками в 1843—1844 годах. В книге отразились впечатления автора от поездки в США в 1842 году, во многом негативные. Роман посвящён знакомой Диккенса — миллионерше-благотворительнице Анджеле Бердетт-Куттс.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit (commonly known as Martin Chuzzlewit) is a novel by Charles Dickens, considered the last of his picaresque novels. It was originally serialised in 1843 and 1844. Dickens thought it to be his best work, but it was one of his least popular novels. Like nearly all of Dickens' novels, Martin Chuzzlewit was released to the public in monthly instalments. Early sales of the monthly parts were disappointing, compared to previous works, so Dickens changed the plot to send the title character to America. This allowed the author to portray the United States (which he had visited in 1842) satirically as a near wilderness with pockets of civilisation filled with deceptive and self-promoting hucksters. The main theme of the novel, according to a preface by Dickens, is selfishness, portrayed in a satirical fashion using all the members of the Chuzzlewit family. The novel is also notable for two of Dickens' great villains, Seth Pecksniff and Jonas Chuzzlewit. It is dedicated to Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts, a friend of Dickens.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'La vida y aventuras de Martin Chuzzlewit, comúnmente conocido como Martin Chuzzlewit, es una novela del escritor británico Charles Dickens, considerada la última de sus novelas picarescas. Fue serializada originalmente entre 1843-44. Dickens proclamó que Martin Chuzzlewit puede ser su mejor trabajo, pero fue uno de los menos populares sus populares. Al igual que casi todas las novelas de Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit fue lanzado al público en cuotas mensuales. Las ventas iniciales de las partes mensuales fueron decepcionantes, en comparación con trabajos anteriores, por lo que Dickens cambió el plan para enviar al personaje del título a los Estados Unidos. Esto permitió al autor retratar los Estados Unidos (que él había visitado en 1842) satíricamente como un desierto cerca de la civilización con los bolsillos llenos de vendedores ambulantes puedan inducir a error y la auto-promoción. El tema principal de la novela, de acuerdo con un prefacio de Dickens, es el egoísmo, interpretado de una manera satírica con todos los miembros de la familia Chuzzlewit. La novela también es notable por dos de los grandes villanos de Dickens, Seth Pecksniff y Jonas Chuzzlewit. Se dedica a Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts, un amigo de Dickens. La novela fue adaptada en una miniserie de televisión en 1994.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Martin Chuzzlewit (titolo originale The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, in italiano \"Vita e avventure di Martin Chuzzlewit\") è un romanzo pubblicato mensilmente su un giornale (come quasi tutte le sue opere) tra il 1843 e il 1844 dall\\'autore inglese Charles Dickens.', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'مارتن تشازلويت (بالإنجليزية: Martin Chuzzlewit) هي رواية بقلم الكاتب الإنكليزي تشارلز ديكنز وهي آخر رواياته التشردية. نشرت الرواية بشكل مسلسل بين عامي 1843 و1844. اعتبر ديكنز العمل أفضل أعماله،  ولكن كانت واحدا من أقل رواياته شعبية. ومثل أغلب روايات ديكنز، أصدرت الرواية بشكل حلقات شهرية. وكانت مبيعات الحلقات الشهرية الأولى مخيبة للآمال مقارنة بالأعمال السابقة، لذلك غير ديكنز الحبكة وجعل شخصية العنوان تسافر إلى أمريكا. وقد سمح ذلك للمؤلف بتصوير الولايات المتحدة (التي زارها في عام 1842) بشكل ساخر كمكان بري مع وجود بقع للحضارة مليئة بالمحتالين.الموضوع الرئيسي للرواية هو الأنانية، وفقا لمقدمة ديكنز، والتي صورها بطريقة ساخرة من خلال جميع أفراد أسرة تشازلويت. هناك شريران اشتهرا بالرواية هما سيث بيكسنيف وجوناس تشازلويت. وقام ديكنز بإهداء الكتاب إلى صديقته أنجيلا جورجينا بوردت كوتس.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit (Leben und Abenteuer des Martin Chuszlewit), bekannter als Martin Chuzzlewit, ist ein Roman von Charles Dickens und gilt als der letzte seiner Schelmenromane. Der Roman erschien in mehreren Fortsetzungen zwischen 1843 und 1844. Dickens hielt Martin Chuzzlewit für eine seiner besten Arbeiten, allerdings erwies er sich als einer seiner am wenigsten populären Romane. Der Verkaufserfolg der ersten Fortsetzungen waren im Vergleich zu früheren Werken Charles Dickens’ enttäuschend. Als Reaktion darauf änderte Dickens die Handlung und ließ den Titelheld nach Amerika reisen. Dies gab Dickens die Möglichkeit, die Vereinigten Staaten, die er 1842 besucht hatte, satirisch als Wildnis darzustellen, in deren wenigen zivilisierteren Orten überwiegend betrügerische Profitmacher lebten. Das Hauptthema des Romans ist, nach dem von Dickens verfassten Vorwort, die satirische Darstellung von Eigennutz, ein Charakterzug, der alle Mitglieder der Chuzzlewit-Familie kennzeichnet. Der Roman ist Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts gewidmet, einer Freundin und Förderin von Dickens. Johann Nestroy verwendete Dickens' Roman als Vorlage für seine Posse Die lieben Anverwandten.\", 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『マーティン・チャズルウィット』（Martin Chuzzlewit）は、チャールズ・ディケンズの小説。1843年から1844年まで月刊連載されたディケンズ6作品目の長編小説。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit (mais conhecido simplesmente como Martin Chuzzlewit) é um livro de Charles Dickens e é considerado o seu último romance picaresco. Originalmente, como é o caso da maioria dos romances de Charles Dickens, este foi publicado em série mensalmente entre 1843 e 1844. Dickens achava que esta foi uma das suas melhores obras, porém foi um dos seus romances menos populares . As vendas dos diferentes lançamentos mensais foram consideradas dececionantes em comparação com os seus trabalhos anteriores, pelo que Dickens mudou a história de forma a enviar a sua personagem principal para a América. Isto permitiu que o autor retratasse os Estados Unidos (país que tinha visitado em 1842) de forma satírica como uma selva com alguns pequenos espaços de civilização cheios de regateiros enganadores. O tema principal do romance, de acordo com o prefácio escrito por Dickens, é o egoísmo, característica retratada de forma satírica por todos os membros da família Chuzzlewit. O romance também é conhecido por conter dois dos vilões mais populares da obra de Charles Dickens: Seth Pecksniff e Jonas Chuzzlewit. O livro é dedicado a Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts, uma amiga de Charles Dickens.', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Marcin Chuzzlewit – powieść łotrzykowska Karola Dickensa, publikowana w co miesięcznych odcinkach w latach 1843–1844. Utwór opowiada o losach tytułowego bohatera, który w poszukiwaniu pracy przemierza Anglię i Stany Zjednoczone. Zawiera elementy satyryczne, piętnujące chciwość i obłudę oraz stosunki społeczne, panujące w Anglii w okresie gwałtownego rozwoju przemysłu. Utwór cieszył się początkowo niewielkim powodzeniem czytelniczym, dlatego Dickiens, pamiętając o popularności swojego utworu Zarysy Ameryki, zdecydował się część akcji umieścić w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Jednak popularność utworu wzrosła dopiero po wprowadzeniu do niego komicznej postaci pani Gamp, nigdy jednak zeszyty z Marcinem Chuzzlewit nie osiągnęły takiego nakładu, jak wcześniejsze utwory pisarza. Utwór silnie nawiązuje do osiemnastowiecznej powieści łotrzykowskiej. Charakterystyczna dla tego gatunku jest sama sytuacja fabularna, opierająca się na wędrówkach głównego bohatera, zdobywającego w podróżach doświadczenie życiowe, a także jej budowa, opierająca się na fabule skonstruowanej z szeregu luźno powiązanych ze sobą epizodów. Z tradycją powieści łotrzykowskiej łączą Marcina Chuzzlewit również długie podtytuły rozdziałów, zawierające streszczenie akcji i zachęcające czytelnika do lektury (np. Rozdział V, zawierający pełne sprawozdanie z wprowadzenia nowego ucznia mr Pecksniffa na łono jego rodziny i dokładny opis uroczystości, którymi witano to wydarzenie, oraz wielkiej radości mr Pincha). Powieść zawiera satyryczny i ironiczny obraz Stanów Zjednoczonych. Amerykanie w powieści posługują się zniekształconym językiem angielskim, są wyrachowani, bezwzględni, pozbawieni dobrego wychowania i obycia, bez skrupułów okradają emigrantów, nieustannie podkreślają rzekomą wyższość cywilizacyjną Stanów Zjednoczonych. Również wszelkie instytucje państwowe i prasa tego kraju miały być według Dickensa skorumpowane i nieuczciwe. Zawarty w powieści obraz kraju spowodował wrogość amerykańskiej prasy wobec Dickensa.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, meestal Martin Chuzzlewit genoemd, is de titel van wat wordt beschouwd als de laatste schelmenroman van de Britse schrijver Charles Dickens. Het boek verscheen aanvankelijk, zoals de meeste romans van Dickens, in afzonderlijke delen en werden van januari 1843 tot juli 1844 maandelijks in tijdschriftvorm gepubliceerd. In 1844 werd het ook in boekvorm uitgegeven. Zelf beschouwde Dickens de roman als zijn beste werk, maar het werd matig ontvangen door de lezers. De eerste delen verkochten zo teleurstellend dat Dickens besloot om het verhaal een wending te geven en de avonturen van de jonge Martin Chuzzlewit deels in de Verenigde Staten te laten afspelen. Zo kreeg Dickens de mogelijkheid om dit land, dat hij zelf in 1842 had bezocht, op een satirische wijze te beschrijven als een land vol egoïsten en misdadigers. Egoïsme is het hoofdthema in deze maatschappijkritische roman en komt tot uiting in de karakters van elk lid van de familie Chuzzlewit, in het bijzonder in die van de booswichten Seth Pecksniff en Jonas Chuzzlewit. Twee mensen in het verhaal dragen de naam Martin Chuzzlewit, namelijk de oude, verbitterde Martin Chuzzlewit en zijn gelijknamige trotse kleinzoon. Volgens sommige lezers echter is de goedmoedige Tom Pinch de eigenlijke protagonist in het boek.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit Martin Chuzzlewit ou Vie et aventures de Martin Chuzzlewit (en anglais The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit) est un roman de Charles Dickens, le dernier de sa série dite « picaresque », paru en 1844. Dickens le considère comme son meilleur roman ; pourtant, le livre, bien qu’offrant de multiples rebondissements, ne connaît pas la grande faveur du public comme ses précédents ouvrages ; aussi, pour relancer les ventes mensuelles, est-il conduit à en modifier l’intrigue de façon spectaculaire. Pour cela, il expédie son jeune protagoniste, Martin Chuzzlewit, en Amérique, pays qu’il connaît pour l’avoir visité l’année précédente, séjour ayant d’ailleurs conduit à la publication de ses Notes américaines (American Notes) en 1842. Cet épisode offre à sa verve satirique une nouvelle cible de choix, et Dickens brosse de ce pays une image de contrée perdue et malsaine où seuls surnagent quelques agrégats de grossière civilisation, îlots inhospitaliers que hantent des cohortes de camelots et charlatans de tout poil aussi roublards qu’imaginatifs. Cette description, que Kenneth Hayens juge superficielle et caricaturale, soulève outre-Atlantique un tollé que Dickens a bien du mal à contenir, et Kenneth Hayens avance l’idée que, malgré la vision sommaire qui en est donnée, le roman a contribué, tout autant qu’American Notes, à associer le nom de Dickens aux États-Unis. Selon la préface de l’auteur, le thème principal de Martin Chuzzlewit est l’égoïsme, diffus parmi tous les membres de la famille Chuzzlewit et traité sur le mode satirique. Le roman présente deux « méchants » (villains), Seth Pecksniff et Jonas Chuzzlewit, qui comptent parmi les plus célèbres de Dickens, passés, comme les Fagin, Bill Sikes (Oliver Twist), Compeyson (Great Expectations) et autres, à la légende. Cependant, au-delà de la leçon moralisante, John Bowen souligne que « le roman est l’un des plus drôles de la langue, suscitant le rire et l’affection depuis sa première parution ». Le livre est dédié à la baronne Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts (1814–1906), connue entre autres pour être l’héritière la plus riche d’Angleterre, amie de l’auteur avec qui elle a monté le projet de Urania Cottage destiné aux femmes dites « perdues ».', 'lang': 'fr'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/illustrator': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hablot_Knight_Browne'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/literaryGenre': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Social_criticism'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/mediaType': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Serial_(literature)'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/publisher': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chapman_&_Hall'}], 'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 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'https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Martin_Chuzzlewit', 'https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA', 'https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chuzzlewit', 'https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chuzzlewit', 'https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chuzzlewit', 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chuzzlewit', 'https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chuzzlewit', 'https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chuzzlewit', 'https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chuzzlewit', 'https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82', 'https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chuzzlewit', 'https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chuzzlewit']","author":"Dickens, Charles","id":"968.0","gutenberg_bookshelf":"Best Books Ever Listings","_version":"0.2.1","releaseDate":"","alternative_title":"","title":"Martin Chuzzlewit","type":"Text","wp_literary_genres":"['Social_criticism']","contributor":"","edition_note":"","titlepage_image":"","jmdate":"","publisher":"Project Gutenberg","covers":"[{'cover_type': 'generated', 'image_path': 'cover.png'}]","description":"The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit (commonly known as Martin Chuzzlewit) is a novel by Charles Dickens, considered the last of his picaresque novels. It was originally serialised in 1843 and 1844. Dickens thought it to be his best work, but it was one of his least popular novels. Like nearly all of Dickens' novels, Martin Chuzzlewit was released to the public in monthly instalments. Early sales of the monthly parts were disappointing, compared to previous works, so Dickens changed the plot to send the title character to America. This allowed the author to portray the United States (which he had visited in 1842) satirically as a near wilderness with pockets of civilisation filled with deceptive and self-promoting hucksters.\nThe main theme of the novel, according to a preface by Dickens, is selfishness, portrayed in a satirical fashion using all the members of the Chuzzlewit family. The novel is also notable for two of Dickens' great villains, Seth Pecksniff and Jonas Chuzzlewit. It is dedicated to Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts, a friend of Dickens.\n From Wikipedia (CC BY-SA).","filename":"/run/media/jon/SAMSUNG/gitenberg/Martin-Chuzzlewit_968/968.txt"},{"lcsh":"{'Bildungsromans', 'Young women -- Fiction', 'Inheritance and succession -- Fiction', 'Domestic fiction', 'Guardian and ward -- Fiction', 'London (England) -- Fiction', 'Illegitimate children -- Fiction', 'Legal stories'}","summary":"","series_note":"","creator":"{'author': {'agent_name': 'Dickens, Charles', 'alias': 'Boz', 'birthdate': 1812, 'deathdate': 1870, 'gutenberg_agent_id': '37', 'url': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/2009/agents/37', 'wikipedia': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens'}}","production_note":"","downloads":"1960","rights_url":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","wp_publication_date":"","authoryearofdeath":"1870","_repo":"Bleak-House_1023","wp_subjects":"['Novels_first_published_in_serial_form', 'Novels_set_in_the_19th_century', 'Law_in_fiction', 'Victorian_novels', 'Novels_set_in_London', 'Novels_by_Charles_Dickens', 'Gothic_novels', '1853_novels', 'English_novels']","language_note":"","tableOfContents":"","gutenberg_issued":"1997-08-01","identifiers":"{'gutenberg': '1023'}","formats":"{'text/html; charset=iso-8859-1': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1023/1023-h/1023-h.htm', 'text/plain': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1023.txt.utf-8', 'application/zip': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1023/1023.zip', 'application/rdf+xml': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1023.rdf', 'application/epub+zip': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1023.epub.images', 'text/plain; charset=us-ascii': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1023/1023.txt', 'application/x-mobipocket-ebook': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1023.kindle.images'}","gutenberg_type":"Text","":"1006","publication_note":"[S.l. :  s.n.],  1853","url":"http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1023","edition_identifiers":"{'edition_id': 'http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1023#Bleak-House'}","rights":"CC BY-NC","authoryearofbirth":"1812","wp_info":"{'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q386724'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://umbel.org/umbel/rc/Book_CW'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Novel106367879'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://schema.org/Book'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Book'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/WikicatEnglishNovels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://schema.org/CreativeWork'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Work'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Wikicat1852Novels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q571'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Wikicat1853Novels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/WrittenWork'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/WikicatVictorianNovels'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/LiteraryComposition106364329'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Book'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/WrittenCommunication106349220'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Writing106362953'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Abstraction100002137'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/WikicatNovelsByCharlesDickens'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Fiction106367107'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Communication100033020'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Холодный дом', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Casa Desolata', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"La Maison d'Âpre-Vent\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Bleak House', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'المنزل الكئيب', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '荒涼館', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Casa desolada', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '荒凉山庄', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Bleak House', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Bleak House', 'lang': 'pt'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Casa desolada (Bleak House) es la novena novela de Charles Dickens, publicada en veinte entregas entre marzo de 1852 y septiembre de 1853.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Bleak House ist der neunte Roman von Charles Dickens.Der Roman, der in den 1820er Jahren spielt, erschien von März 1852 bis September 1853 in 20 Fortsetzungen. Jede Folge enthielt zwei Illustrationen von Phiz und kostete einen Shilling, die beiden letzten Folgen wurden zusammen veröffentlicht und kosteten zwei Shilling.Vladimir Nabokov widmete dem Roman eine seiner Lectures on literature. 2015 wählten 82 internationale Literaturkritiker und -wissenschaftler den Roman zu einem der bedeutendsten britischen Romane.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Bleak House (A Casa Soturna (título no Brasil) ou A Casa Abandonada (título em Portugal)) é um romance de Charles Dickens escrito em 1853, considerado um de seus romances mais sombrios e solidamente construídos.', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"La Maison d'Âpre-Vent, en anglais Bleak House, est le neuvième roman publié par Charles Dickens d'abord en vingt feuilletons entre  et , puis en un volume en 1853.Bleak House, premier des grands romans panoramiques de Dickens, décrit l'Angleterre comme une bleak house, c'est-à-dire une « demeure de désolation », que ravage un système judiciaire irresponsable et vénal, incarné par le chancelier (Chancellor), engoncé dans sa gloire « embrumée » de la Chancellerie (Court of Chancery). L'histoire décrit une succession contestée devant le tribunal, l'affaire « Jarndyce contre Jarndyce », qui affecte de près ou de loin tous les personnages et concerne un testament obscur et de grosses sommes d'argent. Les attaques dirigées par l'auteur contre l'appareil judiciaire s'appuient sur l'expérience que\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'المنزل الكئيب (بالإنجليزية: Bleak House) هي رواية للكاتب تشارلز ديكنز، ونشرت لأول مرة كمسلسل بين مارس 1852 وسبتمبر 1853، واعتبرت إحدى أفضل روايات ديكنز، واحتوت على مجموعة واسعة ومتنوعة ومعقدة وجذابة من الشخصيات والقصص الفرعية. تنتقل عملية رواية القصة بين البطلة إستر سومرسون، وبين الراوي الكلي.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Bleak House, a novel by Charles Dickens, was first published as a serial between March 1852 and September 1853. Widely considered to be one of Dickens's finest novels, Bleak House has many characters and several sub-plots.[citation needed] The story is told partly by the novel's heroine, Esther Summerson, and partly by an omniscient narrator. Memorable characters include Lady Honoria Dedlock, the lawyer Tulkinghorn, John Jarndyce, Harold Skimpole, and Richard Carstone.[citation needed]At the novel's centre is the long-running legal case, Jarndyce and Jarndyce, which has far-reaching consequences for all involved. This lawsuit revolves around the fact that someone wrote several conflicting wills. Dickens creates this fictional legal case to satirize of the English judicial system, using bot\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《荒涼山莊》（英语：Bleak House），或譯為《蕭齋》，英國作家狄更斯所著小說，發表於1852年至1853年之間，是狄更斯最長的作品之一。', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『荒涼館』（こうりょうかん、Bleak House）は、チャールズ・ディケンズの長編小説。1852年3月から1853年9月にかけて、月々20回に分けて分冊のかたちで刊行されたものである。物語の大筋は、ヴィクトリア朝の腐敗した訴訟制度や倒錯した慈善事業、ひいては社会全体を批判的に描いたものである。探偵小説の一面もある。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Холодный дом» — девятый роман Чарльза Диккенса (1853), который открывает период художественной зрелости писателя. В этой книге дан срез всех слоёв британского общества викторианской эпохи, от высшей аристократии до мира городских подворотен, и вскрыты тайные связи меж ними. Начала и концовки многих глав отмечены всплесками высокой карлейлевской риторики.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Casa Desolata (Bleak House) è il nono romanzo di Charles Dickens, pubblicato per la prima volta mensilmente fra il marzo 1852 ed il settembre 1853.Anche se non fa parte delle opere più celebri di Dickens, è ritenuto uno dei romanzi più riusciti dell'autore e contiene uno dei più vasti, complessi, ed intriganti gruppi di personaggi secondari del suo intero corpus letterario, uniti a svariate sottotrame.\", 'lang': 'it'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ja.dbpedia.org/resource/荒涼館'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://cs.dbpedia.org/resource/Ponurý_dům'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q883305'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/Bleak_House'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': \"http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/La_Maison_d'Âpre-Vent\"}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pt.dbpedia.org/resource/Bleak_House'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/Casa_Desolata'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.028y3p'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q883305'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/Casa_desolada'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://de.dbpedia.org/resource/Bleak_House'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ko.dbpedia.org/resource/황폐한_집'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleak_House?oldid=706174737'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': '《荒涼山莊》（英语：Bleak House），或譯為《蕭齋》，英國作家狄更斯所著小說，發表於1852年至1853年之間，是狄更斯最長的作品之一。', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Casa Desolata (Bleak House) è il nono romanzo di Charles Dickens, pubblicato per la prima volta mensilmente fra il marzo 1852 ed il settembre 1853. Anche se non fa parte delle opere più celebri di Dickens, è ritenuto uno dei romanzi più riusciti dell\\'autore e contiene uno dei più vasti, complessi, ed intriganti gruppi di personaggi secondari del suo intero corpus letterario, uniti a svariate sottotrame. Al centro del romanzo è la causa legale di lungo corso denominata \"Jarndyce contro Jarndyce\", dibattuta da anni senza esito alcuno nelle aule della Cancelleria di Giustizia del Gran Cancelliere. La causa tratta di un lascito ereditario contestato da vari eredi, ed il suo lungo dibattimento è già costato tra le 60,000 e le 70,000 sterline in sole spese legali, fatto emblematico del fallimento procedurale della Cancelleria. Il feroce attacco mosso da Dickens al sistema giudiziario britannico è motivato in parte dalla sua esperienza personale come praticante di legge, e in parte dall\\'esperienza acquisita nelle varie cause per i diritti d\\'autore dei suoi primi romanzi. La sua graffiante critica della lentezza ed arcaicità delle modalità operative della Cancelleria di Giustizia, diede corpo in maniera memorabile alle preesistenti frustrazioni dell\\'autore verso il sistema. Sebbene il ritratto impietoso dato da Dickens degli avvocati e giudici della Cancelleria sia sostanzialmente immeritato ed esagerato, il romanzo aiutò il processo di ammodernamento dell\\'intero sistema giudiziario culminato nella riforma legale del 1870. Dickens, ambienta il romanzo prima delle riforme del 1842 e 1852, che avevano già abolito molti superflui passaggi burocratici per sveltire i processi.', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Холодный дом» — девятый роман Чарльза Диккенса (1853), который открывает период художественной зрелости писателя. В этой книге дан срез всех слоёв британского общества викторианской эпохи, от высшей аристократии до мира городских подворотен, и вскрыты тайные связи меж ними. Начала и концовки многих глав отмечены всплесками высокой карлейлевской риторики. Картина судебного делопроизводства в Канцлерском суде, исполненная Диккенсом в тональности кошмарного гротеска, вызвала восхищение таких авторов, как Ф. Кафка, А. Белый, В. В. Набоков. Последний посвятил разбору романа лекцию из цикла о величайших романах XIX века.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Bleak House, a novel by Charles Dickens, was first published as a serial between March 1852 and September 1853. Widely considered to be one of Dickens's finest novels, Bleak House has many characters and several sub-plots.[citation needed] The story is told partly by the novel's heroine, Esther Summerson, and partly by an omniscient narrator. Memorable characters include Lady Honoria Dedlock, the lawyer Tulkinghorn, John Jarndyce, Harold Skimpole, and Richard Carstone.[citation needed]At the novel's centre is the long-running legal case, Jarndyce and Jarndyce, which has far-reaching consequences for all involved. This lawsuit revolves around the fact that someone wrote several conflicting wills. Dickens creates this fictional legal case to satirize of the English judicial system, using both his own experiences as a law clerk, as well as his experiences as a litigant seeking to enforce copyright on his earlier books.[citation needed] Though lawyers and judges criticised Dickens's portrait of the English legal system as exaggerated, his novel helped to spur a judicial reform movement that culminated in the enactment of legal reform in the 1870s. As Dickens wrote Bleak House, the need for legal reform was being widely debated in London. There is some debate among scholars as to when Bleak House is set. The English legal historian Sir William Holdsworth sets the action in 1827; however, reference to preparation for the building of a railroad in Chapter LV suggests a later date in the 1830s.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Casa desolada (Bleak House) es la novena novela de Charles Dickens, publicada en veinte entregas entre marzo de 1852 y septiembre de 1853.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Bleak House (A Casa Soturna (título no Brasil) ou A Casa Abandonada (título em Portugal)) é um romance de Charles Dickens escrito em 1853, considerado um de seus romances mais sombrios e solidamente construídos.', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'المنزل الكئيب (بالإنجليزية: Bleak House) هي رواية للكاتب تشارلز ديكنز، ونشرت لأول مرة كمسلسل بين مارس 1852 وسبتمبر 1853، واعتبرت إحدى أفضل روايات ديكنز، واحتوت على مجموعة واسعة ومتنوعة ومعقدة وجذابة من الشخصيات والقصص الفرعية. تنتقل عملية رواية القصة بين البطلة إستر سومرسون، وبين الراوي الكلي. وتشمل شخصيات السيدة المتعجرفة هونوريا ديدلوك، المحامي الشرير تولكينغهام والرجل الواقعي جون جارندايس، والصبياني والمخادع هارولد سكيمبول، فضلا عن الحكيم ريتشارد كارستون.في منتصف الرواية تظهر قضية طويلة هي جارندايس ضد جارندايس، والتي تؤثر على جميع الشخصيات. وتدور القضية حول موصي ترك العديد من الوصايا. ويستند ديكنز في سخريته من النظام القضائي الإنجليزي على خبرته الخاصة ككاتب قانوني، وكذلك على خبرته كطرف في نزاع لفرض حقوق النشر على مؤلفاته السابقة.رغم أن المحامين والقضاة انتقدوا تصوير ديكنز للنظام القانوني الإنجليزي ووصفوه بالمبالغ فيه، فقد ساعدت روايته على تحفيز الحركات التي سعت لإصلاح القانون والقضاء والتي حققت هدفها في سبعينات القرن التاسع عشر. في الواقع، فقد كتب ديكنز رواياته في الوقت الذي كان النظام القانوني ويصلح فيه نفسه، وكان النقاش دائرا جول الحاجة لمزيد من الإصلاح على نطاق واسع. هناك جدل بشأن الزمن الذي جرت فيه أحداث رواية المنزل الكئيب. ويرى المؤرخ القانوني الإنجليزي السير وليام هولدسوورث أن الأحداث تدور في عام 1827،  إلا أن الإشارة إلى التحضير لبناء السكك الحديدية في الفصل الخامس والخمسين توحي بأنها تدور في ثلاثينات القرن التاسع عشر على الأقل.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Bleak House ist der neunte Roman von Charles Dickens. Der Roman, der in den 1820er Jahren spielt, erschien von März 1852 bis September 1853 in 20 Fortsetzungen. Jede Folge enthielt zwei Illustrationen von Phiz und kostete einen Shilling, die beiden letzten Folgen wurden zusammen veröffentlicht und kosteten zwei Shilling. Die Rahmenhandlung bildet ein viele Jahre anhaltender Erbschaftsstreit Jarndyce gegen Jarndyce. Dickens erzählt hierbei die Geschichte vieler Menschen, die direkt und indirekt mit dem Fall verbunden sind. Dabei werden in den vielen Erzählsträngen die Personen und Geschichten immer mehr miteinander verwoben. Neben einem omnipräsenten Erzähler, erzählt auch Esther Summerson, eine der Hauptfiguren im Roman, Teile des Romans aus ihrer Sicht der Ich-Erzählung. Bleak House ist einerseits ein Gesellschaftsroman, der das Leben vor allem der englischen Oberschicht sowie ihrer Beziehungen zur Mittel- und Unterschicht im 19. Jahrhundert charakterisiert, andererseits eine satirische Abrechnung mit dem englischen Rechtssystem, insbesondere dem Court of Chancery, der unter anderem Erbschaftsstreitigkeiten regelte. In den letzten Kapiteln enthält das Buch auch Elemente eines Kriminalromans. Vladimir Nabokov widmete dem Roman eine seiner Lectures on literature. 2015 wählten 82 internationale Literaturkritiker und -wissenschaftler den Roman zu einem der bedeutendsten britischen Romane.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『荒涼館』（こうりょうかん、Bleak House）は、チャールズ・ディケンズの長編小説。1852年3月から1853年9月にかけて、月々20回に分けて分冊のかたちで刊行されたものである。物語の大筋は、ヴィクトリア朝の腐敗した訴訟制度や倒錯した慈善事業、ひいては社会全体を批判的に描いたものである。探偵小説の一面もある。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"La Maison d'Âpre-Vent, en anglais Bleak House, est le neuvième roman publié par Charles Dickens d'abord en vingt feuilletons entre et , puis en un volume en 1853. Bleak House, premier des grands romans panoramiques de Dickens, décrit l'Angleterre comme une bleak house, c'est-à-dire une « demeure de désolation », que ravage un système judiciaire irresponsable et vénal, incarné par le chancelier (Chancellor), engoncé dans sa gloire « embrumée » de la Chancellerie (Court of Chancery). L'histoire décrit une succession contestée devant le tribunal, l'affaire « Jarndyce contre Jarndyce », qui affecte de près ou de loin tous les personnages et concerne un testament obscur et de grosses sommes d'argent. Les attaques dirigées par l'auteur contre l'appareil judiciaire s'appuient sur l'expérience que Dickens en avait acquise en tant que clerc. Sa mise en scène sans complaisance des lenteurs, du caractère byzantin de la loi et de la cour de justice reflète l'exaspération montante de son époque vis-à-vis du système, et il a parfois été jugé que le roman avait préparé les esprits aux réformes des années 1870. Mais Dickens écrit à un moment où le système est déjà en train de changer : si les « six clercs et maîtres » cités dans le premier chapitre ont été respectivement supprimés en 1842 et en 1852, la question d'une réforme encore plus radicale est à l'ordre du jour. Ce contexte pose le problème de la période dans laquelle La Maison d'Âpre-Vent est supposé se dérouler ; à s'en tenir aux seuls faits historiques, l'action se situerait avant 1842, ce dont un certain nombre de lecteurs auraient eu conscience, mais cette datation bute sur d'autres aspects, si bien que le débat reste ouvert. L'une des grandes originalités de ce roman est qu'il utilise deux narrateurs, l'un à la troisième personne rendant compte des démêlés de la loi et du beau monde, l'autre, à la première personne, incarné par Esther Summerson qui raconte son histoire personnelle. Par le stratagème de la double narration, que Paul Schlicke juge « audacieux », Dickens lie, tout en les opposant, l'expérience domestique d'Esther aux grands problèmes publics. Le récit d'Esther culmine en la découverte de ses origines : enfant illégitime d'une aristocrate, Lady Dedlock, abandonnée à sa naissance et élevée par une tante malveillante, cette jeune femme reste peu sûre d'elle-même, accueillant avec gratitude la petite considération qu'elle reçoit de la société patriarcale qui l'entoure. Sa situation reflète celle de la communauté tout entière, que minent des privilèges ancestraux faisant fi de ses aspirations et besoins, avec des institutions sclérosées vouant les enfants à l'orphelinat et les habitants aux taudis, tandis qu'une prétendue philanthropie asservit plus qu'elle ne libère ses récipiendaires. La Maison d'Âpre-Vent fait écho à de nombreux événements marquants de la vie de Dickens et reflète la plupart de ses préoccupations personnelles, politiques et sociales. C'est aussi un livre novateur par sa conception, son organisation et certains aspects de son style. À ce titre, il constitue un jalon dans l'évolution de son œuvre, ce que l'anglais appelle un watershed novel (« un roman charnière »), souvent caractérisé comme le premier d'une série appartenant à sa dernière manière. 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Great Expectations) — роман Чарльза Диккенса, который был впервые издан в 1860 году. Судя по количеству экранизаций и театральных постановок, принадлежит к числу самых популярных произведений писателя.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Große Erwartungen (Originaltitel: Great Expectations) ist der dreizehnte Roman von Charles Dickens, der erstmals zwischen 1860 und 1861 in einzelnen Abschnitten als Fortsetzungsroman in den Wochenzeitschriften All the Year Round und Harper's Weekly veröffentlicht wurde. Zum zweiten Mal nach David Copperfield verwendet Dickens hier die Ich-Perspektive, um die wechselvolle Lebensgeschichte des Waisenjungen Pip zu erzählen. Dieser vorletzte Roman Dickens wird heute zu den Klassikern der britischen Literaturgeschichte gerechnet.\", 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Great Expectations is Charles Dickens's thirteenth novel and his penultimate completed novel; a bildungsroman which depicts the personal growth and personal development of an orphan nicknamed Pip. It is Dickens's second novel, after David Copperfield, to be fully narrated in the first person. The novel was first published as a serial in Dickens's weekly periodical All the Year Round, from 1 December 1860 to August 1861. In October 1861, Chapman and Hall published the novel in three volumes.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Great Expectations (Nederlands: Grote Verwachtingen) is een roman van de Engelse schrijver Charles Dickens, die eerst tussen december 1860 en augustus 1862 in het tijdschrift All the Year Round verscheen en aansluitend in boekvorm gepubliceerd werd.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Grandi speranze (titolo originale Great Expectations) è il tredicesimo romanzo di Charles Dickens; scritto e pubblicato tra il 1860 e il 1861 è anche il secondo, dopo David Copperfield, ad essere scritto interamente in prima persona.L'opera fu pubblicata per la prima volta a puntate settimanali, dal 1º dicembre 1860 ad agosto 1861 sulla rivista All the Year Round, periodico diretto dallo stesso Dickens.La sua prima apparizione in volume fu in tre tomi, senza illustrazioni, nel luglio del 1861.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Grandes esperanzas (en inglés, Great Expectations) es una novela escrita por Charles Dickens. Al principio fue publicada como serie en el All the Year Round desde el 1 de diciembre de 1860 hasta el agosto de 1861. Es considerada como una de sus más grandes y sofisticadas novelas, así como también una de las más populares, siendo está adaptada a obras teatrales y cinematográficas en más de 250 ocasiones.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Wielkie nadzieje (ang. Great Expectations) – powieść Karola Dickensa, publikowana w latach 1860–1861 w tygodniku \"All the Year Round\". Utwór stanowi powieść o dojrzewaniu, obrazując dorastanie i przemianę moralną głównego bohatera.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『大いなる遺産』（おおいなるいさん、原題：Great Expectations）は、イギリスの文豪チャールズ・ディケンズの長編小説。1860年から1861年にかけてディケンズ自らが編集を行った週刊雑誌『All the Year Round』の誌上において発表された。ディケンズの代表作である。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Great Expectations (Grandes Esperanças) é um livro escrito por Charles Dickens, que conta a história de Philip Pirrip. É dividido em três volumes e foi adaptado para o cinema e para a TV várias vezes.Foi escrito durante a era vitoriana.O livro foi inicialmente publicado em série, no All the Year Round entre 1 de dezembro de 1860 e agosto de 1861.', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Les Grandes Espérances ou De grandes espérances (en anglais Great Expectations) est le treizième roman de Charles Dickens (1812-1870), le deuxième, après David Copperfield, à être raconté entièrement à la première personne par le protagoniste lui-même, Philip Pirrip, dit Pip. Le sujet principal en est la vie et les aventures d'un jeune orphelin jusqu'à sa maturité. D'abord publié en feuilleton de décembre 1860 à août 1861 dans le magazine de Dickens All the Year Round, il paraît ensuite en trois volumes chez Chapman and Hall en octobre 1861.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《远大前程》（Great Expectations），又譯《孤星血淚》，是英國作家查爾斯·狄更斯晚年寫成的教育小說。故事揭示了愛、忠誠和良心比財富和社會地位要更為重要。故事背景為1812年耶誕節前夕至1840年冬天，主角孤兒皮普（Pip）以自傳式手法，敍述從7歲開始的三個人生階段。此小說貫彻了狄更斯文以載道的風格，透過劇中孤兒人生的跌宕起落，表達他對生命和人性的看法。該小說自1860年12月到1861年8月連載於作者製作的週刊《一年四季》，百年來被多次改編成電影、電視劇及舞台劇。', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'توقعات عظيمة أو توقعات كبرى (بالإنجليزية: Great Expectations) هي رواية لتشارلز ديكنز نشرت لأول مرة مسلسلة بدأ من عام 1860 م، ثم نشرت كاملة في 1861 م. تعد من أحسن أعمال ديكنز وواحدة من أكثر رواياته شعبية، وتم تجسيدها على المسرح والشاشة أكثر من 250 مرة.تتبع الرواية نمط الرواية التكوينية، حيث يتتبع الكاتب قصة رجل أو أمراة في سعيها للنضج، عادة من مرحلة الطفولة وحتى تبلغ أشدها. تتحدث الآمال الكبرى عن قصة بيب، الطفل اليتيم، من طفولته المبكرة وحتى بلوغه ومحاولته لإدراك النبل أثناء مسيرته تلك.', 'lang': 'ar'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q219552'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ko.dbpedia.org/resource/위대한_유산_(소설)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/Great_Expectations'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ja.dbpedia.org/resource/大いなる遺産'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Les_Grandes_Espérances'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/Grandes_esperanzas'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.01316b'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pl.dbpedia.org/resource/Wielkie_nadzieje'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://nl.dbpedia.org/resource/Grote_verwachtingen'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pt.dbpedia.org/resource/Great_Expectations'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://sw.cyc.com/concept/Mx4rK4wpWELWTtyuGmuityVtzg'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://cs.dbpedia.org/resource/Nadějné_vyhlídky'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q219552'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/Grandi_speranze'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://de.dbpedia.org/resource/Große_Erwartungen_(Roman)'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Expectations?oldid=705982558'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Grandes esperanzas (en inglés, Great Expectations) es una novela escrita por Charles Dickens. Al principio fue publicada como serie en el All the Year Round desde el 1 de diciembre de 1860 hasta el agosto de 1861. Es considerada como una de sus más grandes y sofisticadas novelas, así como también una de las más populares, siendo está adaptada a obras teatrales y cinematográficas en más de 250 ocasiones. La novela narra la historia Phillip Pirrip, un huérfano aprendiz de herrero cuya aspiración pasará a ser convertirse en un noble caballero, describiendo su vida desde su niñez hasta su madurez. Se puede decir que se trata de un Bildungsroman o novela de aprendizaje. La historia puede también ser considerada como una semi-autobiografía de Dickens, al igual que muchas de sus obras, en la cual mezcla sus experiencias de vida con su entorno social.La trama de la historia toma desde la víspera de Navidad de 1812, cuando el protagonista tiene solo siete años de edad, hasta el invierno de 1840. Cada publicación en el All the Year Round contenía dos capítulos y estaba escrita de tal manera que mantenía al lector interesado de semana a semana. La novela está ambientada en la campiña de Kent y en Londres.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《远大前程》（Great Expectations），又譯《孤星血淚》，是英國作家查爾斯·狄更斯晚年寫成的教育小說。故事揭示了愛、忠誠和良心比財富和社會地位要更為重要。故事背景為1812年耶誕節前夕至1840年冬天，主角孤兒皮普（Pip）以自傳式手法，敍述從7歲開始的三個人生階段。此小說貫彻了狄更斯文以載道的風格，透過劇中孤兒人生的跌宕起落，表達他對生命和人性的看法。該小說自1860年12月到1861年8月連載於作者製作的週刊《一年四季》，百年來被多次改編成電影、電視劇及舞台劇。', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Great Expectations (Nederlands: Grote Verwachtingen) is een roman van de Engelse schrijver Charles Dickens, die eerst tussen december 1860 en augustus 1862 in het tijdschrift All the Year Round verscheen en aansluitend in boekvorm gepubliceerd werd.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Great Expectations (Grandes Esperanças) é um livro escrito por Charles Dickens, que conta a história de Philip Pirrip. É dividido em três volumes e foi adaptado para o cinema e para a TV várias vezes.Foi escrito durante a era vitoriana. O livro foi inicialmente publicado em série, no All the Year Round entre 1 de dezembro de 1860 e agosto de 1861.', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Great Expectations is Charles Dickens\\'s thirteenth novel and his penultimate completed novel; a bildungsroman which depicts the personal growth and personal development of an orphan nicknamed Pip. It is Dickens\\'s second novel, after David Copperfield, to be fully narrated in the first person. The novel was first published as a serial in Dickens\\'s weekly periodical All the Year Round, from 1 December 1860 to August 1861. In October 1861, Chapman and Hall published the novel in three volumes. It is set among marshes in Kent, and in London, in the early to mid-1800s, and contains some of Dickens\\' most memorable scenes, including the opening, in a graveyard, where the young Pip is accosted by the escaped convict, Abel Magwitch. Great Expectations is full of extreme imagery – poverty; prison ships and chains, and fights to the death – and has a colourful cast of characters who have entered popular culture. These include the eccentric Miss Havisham, the beautiful but cold Estella, and Joe, the kind and generous blacksmith. Dickens\\'s themes include wealth and poverty, love and rejection, and the eventual triumph of good over evil. Great Expectations is popular both with readers and literary critics, and has been translated into many languages, and adapted numerous times into various media. Upon its release, the novel received near universal acclaim. Thomas Carlyle spoke disparagingly of \"all that Pip\\'s nonsense\". Later, George Bernard Shaw praised the novel, as \"All of one piece and consistently truthfull.\" During the serial publication, Dickens was pleased with public response to Great Expectations and its sales; when the plot first formed in his mind, he called it \"a very fine, new and grotesque idea\".', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'توقعات عظيمة أو توقعات كبرى (بالإنجليزية: Great Expectations) هي رواية لتشارلز ديكنز نشرت لأول مرة مسلسلة بدأ من عام 1860 م، ثم نشرت كاملة في 1861 م. تعد من أحسن أعمال ديكنز وواحدة من أكثر رواياته شعبية، وتم تجسيدها على المسرح والشاشة أكثر من 250 مرة.تتبع الرواية نمط الرواية التكوينية، حيث يتتبع الكاتب قصة رجل أو أمراة في سعيها للنضج، عادة من مرحلة الطفولة وحتى تبلغ أشدها. تتحدث الآمال الكبرى عن قصة بيب، الطفل اليتيم، من طفولته المبكرة وحتى بلوغه ومحاولته لإدراك النبل أثناء مسيرته تلك. وتجري أحداثها من عشية عيد الميلاد عام 1812 م، عندما كان بطل القصة في السابعة من عمره، وحتى شتاء 1840 م. ويمكن اعتبار الرواية قصة شبه ذاتية للكاتب، على غرار الكثير من أعماله، يستقي فيها من خبرته في الحياة ومع الناس.نشرت الراوية لأول مرة مسلسلة في مجلة على مدار العام «All the Year Round» البريطانية من 1 ديسمبر 1860 إلى أغسطس 1861 م. وقد نُشر في كل مرة فصلين من القصة، وكان المؤلف يترك قرائه متشوقين لمعرفة ما سيأتي ولكنه في نفس الوقت يرضي فضوله. ونشرت الرواية كاملة لأول مرة في يوليو 1861 م.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Große Erwartungen (Originaltitel: Great Expectations) ist der dreizehnte Roman von Charles Dickens, der erstmals zwischen 1860 und 1861 in einzelnen Abschnitten als Fortsetzungsroman in den Wochenzeitschriften All the Year Round und Harper's Weekly veröffentlicht wurde. Zum zweiten Mal nach David Copperfield verwendet Dickens hier die Ich-Perspektive, um die wechselvolle Lebensgeschichte des Waisenjungen Pip zu erzählen. Dieser vorletzte Roman Dickens wird heute zu den Klassikern der britischen Literaturgeschichte gerechnet.\", 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『大いなる遺産』（おおいなるいさん、原題：Great Expectations）は、イギリスの文豪チャールズ・ディケンズの長編小説。1860年から1861年にかけてディケンズ自らが編集を行った週刊雑誌『All the Year Round』の誌上において発表された。ディケンズの代表作である。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Grandi speranze (titolo originale Great Expectations) è il tredicesimo romanzo di Charles Dickens; scritto e pubblicato tra il 1860 e il 1861 è anche il secondo, dopo David Copperfield, ad essere scritto interamente in prima persona. L\\'opera fu pubblicata per la prima volta a puntate settimanali, dal 1º dicembre 1860 ad agosto 1861 sulla rivista All the Year Round, periodico diretto dallo stesso Dickens. È considerato uno dei più grandi e più sofisticati romanzi dell\\'autore inglese, nonché uno dei suoi più popolari classici della letteratura vittoriana; ebbe inoltre più di 250 adattamenti sul palcoscenico e sullo schermo. Grandi speranze appartiene al genere detto \"Bildungsroman\" (romanzo di formazione), ovvero quel tipo di narrazione che segue le vicende del protagonista, spesso partendo dalla primissima infanzia, alla ricerca della piena maturità: Grandi speranze è appunto la storia dell\\'orfano Philip Pirrip, detto \"Pip\", e descrive la sua vita da quando è ancora un bambino fino all\\'età adulta. Il protagonista tenta, nel corso del romanzo, di diventare un gentiluomo. La storia ha inoltre dei caratteri semi-autobiografici, come molte opere dell\\'autore.L\\'intreccio ha inizio dalla vigilia di Natale del 1812 (anno di nascita di Dickens), quando l\\'orfano ha circa sette anni, e termina nell\\'inverno del 1840.Ogni puntata in All the Year Round conteneva due capitoli ed era scritta in modo che \"catturasse\" i lettori, stimolando la loro curiosità verso il fascicolo successivo. La sua prima apparizione in volume fu in tre tomi, senza illustrazioni, nel luglio del 1861.', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Большие надежды» (англ. Great Expectations) — роман Чарльза Диккенса, который был впервые издан в 1860 году. Судя по количеству экранизаций и театральных постановок, принадлежит к числу самых популярных произведений писателя.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Les Grandes Espérances ou De grandes espérances (en anglais Great Expectations) est le treizième roman de Charles Dickens (1812-1870), le deuxième, après David Copperfield, à être raconté entièrement à la première personne par le protagoniste lui-même, Philip Pirrip, dit Pip. Le sujet principal en est la vie et les aventures d'un jeune orphelin jusqu'à sa maturité. D'abord publié en feuilleton de décembre 1860 à août 1861 dans le magazine de Dickens All the Year Round, il paraît ensuite en trois volumes chez Chapman and Hall en octobre 1861. Conçu pour être deux fois plus long, le roman doit son format à des contraintes de gestion affectant la revue à laquelle il est confié. Ramassé et dense, avec une économie de moyens inhabituelle chez Dickens, il représente, par l'équilibre de sa structure, la perfection de son déroulement et l'aboutissement des intrigues, l'apogée de la maturité de son auteur. Il se situe dans la dernière partie de sa carrière, « l'après-midi de sa vie et de sa gloire » (the afternoon of his life and glory) selon G. K. Chesterton, et après lui, seul à être complet, ne paraît que L'Ami commun. L'histoire commence vers 1812, comme la prime enfance de Dickens passée dans le même comté rural du Kent, pour se terminer vers 1846. D'emblée, le lecteur est « régalé » (treated) par la terrifiante rencontre entre le héros et le forçat évadé Abel Magwitch ; Great Expectations est un livre violent, marqué par des images extrêmes, la pauvreté, les bateaux-prisons au large, the hulks, les entraves et les chaînes, les luttes à mort. Il associe donc une intrigue nourrie de rebondissements imprévus à une posture autobiographique comprenant différentes tonalités de remémoration, et, indépendamment de sa technique narrative, il reflète sinon les événements de la vie, du moins les préoccupations de l'auteur, et surtout sa conception de la société et de l'homme. Les Grandes Espérances présentent une panoplie de personnages hauts en couleur, qui sont restés dans la conscience populaire : l'implacable Miss Havisham et Estella à la beauté glacée, Joe le forgeron tout raison et bonté, l'oncle Pumblechook, à la fois débonnaire et desséché, la figure coupante de l'avoué Jaggers, celle, à deux facettes, de son double opposé Wemmick, l'ami disert et sage Herbert Pocket. En un long et convulsif processus de changement, les thèmes conflictuels, classiques chez Dickens, de la richesse et de la pauvreté, de l'amour et du rejet, du snobisme et de l'amertume, finissent par céder peu ou prou le pas au pouvoir de la bonté et à sa victoire sur les forces de l'obscurantisme et du mal. Les critiques sont partagés à la parution : Carlyle parle de « cette loufoquerie de Pip » (all that Pip's nonsense) alors que G. B. Shaw loue un « bel ensemble sonnant juste de bout en bout » (All of one piece and consistently truthfull). Dickens, lui, a le sentiment qu'il s'agit d'une de ses meilleures œuvres, dont il aime l'idée, « une très belle idée » (a very fine idea), et la réalisation, et il se montre très sensible aux compliments de ses amis : « Bulwer Lytton, écrit-il, est on ne peut plus entiché du livre » (Bulwer is so strongly taken with the book). De fait, très populaire et traduit dans de nombreux pays, il connaît plusieurs adaptations cinématographiques et inspire différents créateurs.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Wielkie nadzieje (ang. Great Expectations) – powieść Karola Dickensa, publikowana w latach 1860–1861 w tygodniku \"All the Year Round\". 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or The Parish Boy's Progress (Oliverio Twist en algunas ediciones en español[cita requerida]) es la segunda novela del autor inglés Charles Dickens. Se publicó originalmente como novela por entregas de aparición mensual en la revista Bentley's Miscellany, entre febrero de 1837 y abril de 1839. En un principio, el autor tenía la intención de que formase parte de una obra más extensa, The Mudfog Papers.\", 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Oliver Twist, o Le avventure di Oliver Twist (Oliver Twist; or, the Parish Boy's Progress), fu il secondo romanzo pubblicato da Charles Dickens. Apparve in prima edizione a puntate mensili sulla rivista Bentley's Miscellany, dal febbraio 1837 all'aprile 1839, con illustrazioni di George Cruikshank.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Oliver Twist ist ein Gesellschaftsroman von Charles Dickens, der unter dem vollständigen Titel „Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress“ („Oliver Twist oder der Weg des Fürsorgezöglings“) von Februar 1837 bis April 1839 in Fortsetzungen in der Zeitschrift „Bentley’s Miscellany“ erschien. Oliver Twist ist Dickens’ zweiter Roman. Er wurde mehrfach für Theater, Kino, Fernsehen und Comic adaptiert.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Oliver Twist is de titel en de naam van het hoofdpersonage van één van de bekendste romans van de Britse schrijver Charles Dickens, gepubliceerd in 1838. Het boek verscheen aanvankelijk in afzonderlijke delen, die van februari 1837 tot april 1839 werden gepubliceerd.Het boek werd meermaals verfilmd, ook voor televisie, en er verschenen verschillende Nederlandse vertalingen van. De Engelstalige musical Oliver werd een groot succes, evenals verschillende hertalingen. Er bestaat ook een achter-de-schermendocumentaire van de Nederlandstalige versie, Oliver: Achter de schermen.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Приключе́ния О́ливера Тви́ста» (Oliver Twist; or, the Parish Boy’s Progress; The Adventures of Oliver Twist) — второй роман Чарльза Диккенса и первый в английской литературе, главным героем которого стал ребёнок.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Oliver Twist é um romance de Charles Dickens que relata as aventuras e desventuras de um rapaz órfão. É um dos romances onde o autor trata do fenômeno da delinquência provocada pelas condições precárias da sociedade inglesa da época.', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《苦海孤雛》（英語：Oliver Twist，又譯《孤雛淚》，港译为《苦海孤雏》），是英国作家查爾斯·狄更斯的第二部作品，在1838年由理查德·宾利（Richard Bentley）出版。故事记叙了一位孤儿奥利佛·退斯特在济贫院的悲惨经历，以及随后在殡仪馆的遭遇。他逃出了伦敦后遇到了少年犯头子小扒手道奇（Artful Dodger）。天真无辜的奥利佛被他们带到了教唆犯费金（Fagin）的老巢。《苦海孤雛》的特點在于狄更斯對罪犯和他們肮髒生活以平淡無奇的方式寫在筆下。小說揭露了狄更斯時代倫敦大量孤兒的悲慘生活。小說的副標題是《教區男孩的進步》，暗指約翰·班揚的《清教徒進步》和18世紀威廉·荷加斯的諷刺連載《浪子的進步》和《娼妓的進步》如同狄更斯的其他小說，本書揭露許多當時的社會惡疾，如救濟院、童工、以及幫派吸收青少年參與犯罪等，試圖喚起大眾的注意。狄更斯使用諷刺和黑色幽默來對社會虛僞進行了嘲諷。小說的靈感可能來自羅伯特·紐西蘭（Robert Blincoe），這位孤兒在紡織廠做童工的苦難在十九世紀三十年代被廣泛閱讀。而狄更斯早年的童工經歷也可能對故事情節發展有所貢獻。本書曾多次改編為電影、電視劇及舞台劇。世界知名導演羅曼·波蘭斯基於2005年也曾將此書拍成電影。最早林紓将其译作《贼史》，后有人译为《孤雏泪》。', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『オリヴァー・ツイスト』（Oliver Twist ）は、チャールズ・ディケンズの長編小説。1837年から1839年まで「ベントリーズ・ミセラニー」に月刊分載、単行本は1838年刊。孤児オリヴァーが様々な困苦にもめげずに立派に成長するまでを描く。作者の出世作。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Oliver Twist − powieść Karola Dickensa, napisana w latach 1837-1838. Pierwsze polskie wydanie ukazało się w 1846.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Oliver Twist, or The Parish Boy's Progress, is the second novel by Charles Dickens, and was first published as a serial 1837–9. The story is of the orphan Oliver Twist, who starts his life in a workhouse and is then sold into an apprenticeship with an undertaker. He escapes from there and travels to London where he meets the Artful Dodger, a member of a gang of juvenile pickpockets, which is led by the elderly criminal Fagin.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Oliver Twist, de son nom complet en anglais : Oliver Twist, or, The Parish Boy's Progress (Oliver Twist ou Le voyage de l'enfant de la paroisse), l'un des romans les plus universellement connus de Charles Dickens, a été publié en vingt-quatre feuilletons mensuels dans la revue Bentley's Miscellany, entre février 1837 et avril 1839, juin et octobre 1837 exceptés.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'أوليفر تويست (بالإنجليزية: Oliver Twist) هي الرواية الثانية للمؤلف الإنجليزي تشارلز ديكنز. نشرت في بدايتها على شكل متسلسل تصدر شهريا في مجلة بنتلي بين فبراير 1837 وأبريل 1839. كان الكاتب ينوي أن تشكل جزءا من عمل أكبر، أوراق مادفوغ.', 'lang': 'ar'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Fagin'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://cs.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://el.dbpedia.org/resource/Όλιβερ_Τουίστ'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q164974'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pt.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ja.dbpedia.org/resource/オリバー・ツイスト'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q164974'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pl.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist_(powieść)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://id.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.015cf8'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://nl.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://de.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ko.dbpedia.org/resource/올리버_트위스트'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://eu.dbpedia.org/resource/Oliver_Twist'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://sw.cyc.com/concept/Mx4rvmMsVZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Twist?oldid=707802774'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Oliver Twist, o Le avventure di Oliver Twist (Oliver Twist; or, the Parish Boy's Progress), fu il secondo romanzo pubblicato da Charles Dickens. Apparve in prima edizione a puntate mensili sulla rivista Bentley's Miscellany, dal febbraio 1837 all'aprile 1839, con illustrazioni di George Cruikshank. È una delle opere più celebri e influenti di Dickens. Fu il primo romanzo in lingua inglese ad avere come protagonista un ragazzo e uno dei primi esempi di romanzo sociale. Inedita per l'epoca fu anche la rappresentazione fortemente anti-romantica della vita dei delinquenti e dei poveri. Attraverso un rovesciamento del romanzo di formazione e un dissacrante umorismo nero, il romanzo analizza i mali della società inglese ottocentesca: la povertà, il lavoro minorile, la criminalità urbana, e la intrinseca ipocrisia della cultura vittoriana. Il sottotitolo The Parish Boy's Progress è un riferimento al romanzo cristiano di John Bunyan The Pilgrim's Progress (Il viaggio del pellegrino); poiché il tono di Oliver Twist lo contrappone all'ottimismo del romanzo di Bunyan, è verosimile che Dickens intendesse anche riferirsi alle parodie di William Hogarth, A Rake's Progress (La carriera del libertino) e A Harlot's Progress (La carriera della meretrice). Oliver Twist è stato utilizzato come soggetto per molti adattamenti cinematografici e televisivi. I più celebri adattamenti per il grande schermo sono Le avventure di Oliver Twist di David Lean del 1948, Oliver! di Carol Reed del 1968 (vincitore di ben 5 premi Oscar) e il film omonimo di Roman Polański del 2005. Nel 1988 la Walt Disney Pictures ha realizzato un film di animazione ispirato al romanzo, Oliver & Company. Il romanzo ha inoltre fornito lo spunto per un musical inglese di grande successo, Oliver!.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Oliver Twist is de titel en de naam van het hoofdpersonage van één van de bekendste romans van de Britse schrijver Charles Dickens, gepubliceerd in 1838. Het boek verscheen aanvankelijk in afzonderlijke delen, die van februari 1837 tot april 1839 werden gepubliceerd. Oliver Twist was vooral bedoeld als protest van Dickens tegen de wantoestanden in de victoriaanse samenleving. Kinderarbeid in de zogenaamde Work Houses (armenhuizen) en de onderwereld waarin straatkinderen tot crimineel worden opgeleid spelen in het boek een grote rol. De hoofdpersoon, Oliver Twist, is een weesjongen door wiens ogen we het harde leven in Londen rond 1830 bekijken. Het boek werd meermaals verfilmd, ook voor televisie, en er verschenen verschillende Nederlandse vertalingen van. De Engelstalige musical Oliver werd een groot succes, evenals verschillende hertalingen. Er bestaat ook een achter-de-schermendocumentaire van de Nederlandstalige versie, Oliver: Achter de schermen.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Oliver Twist ist ein Gesellschaftsroman von Charles Dickens, der unter dem vollständigen Titel „Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress“ („Oliver Twist oder der Weg des Fürsorgezöglings“) von Februar 1837 bis April 1839 in Fortsetzungen in der Zeitschrift „Bentley’s Miscellany“ erschien. Oliver Twist ist Dickens’ zweiter Roman. Er wurde mehrfach für Theater, Kino, Fernsehen und Comic adaptiert.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'أوليفر تويست (بالإنجليزية: Oliver Twist) هي الرواية الثانية للمؤلف الإنجليزي تشارلز ديكنز. نشرت في بدايتها على شكل متسلسل تصدر شهريا في مجلة بنتلي بين فبراير 1837 وأبريل 1839. كان الكاتب ينوي أن تشكل جزءا من عمل أكبر، أوراق مادفوغ.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Oliver Twist, or The Parish Boy's Progress, is the second novel by Charles Dickens, and was first published as a serial 1837–9. The story is of the orphan Oliver Twist, who starts his life in a workhouse and is then sold into an apprenticeship with an undertaker. He escapes from there and travels to London where he meets the Artful Dodger, a member of a gang of juvenile pickpockets, which is led by the elderly criminal Fagin. Oliver Twist is notable for Dickens's unromantic portrayal of criminals and their sordid lives, as well as exposing the cruel treatment of the many orphans in London in the mid–nineteenth century. The alternate title, The Parish Boy's Progress, alludes to Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, as well as the 18th-century caricature series by William Hogarth, A Rake's Progress and A Harlot's Progress. An early example of the social novel, Dickens satirizes the hypocrisies of his time, including child labour, the recruitment of children as criminals, and the presence of street children. The novel may have been inspired by the story of Robert Blincoe, an orphan whose account of working as a child labourer in a cotton mill was widely read in the 1830s. It is likely that Dickens's own youthful experiences contributed as well. Oliver Twist has been the subject of numerous adaptations, for various media, including a highly successful musical play, Oliver!, and the multiple Academy Award-winning 1968 motion picture.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Oliver Twist − powieść Karola Dickensa, napisana w latach 1837-1838. Pierwsze polskie wydanie ukazało się w 1846.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Oliver Twist, de son nom complet en anglais : Oliver Twist, or, The Parish Boy's Progress (Oliver Twist ou Le voyage de l'enfant de la paroisse), l'un des romans les plus universellement connus de Charles Dickens, a été publié en vingt-quatre feuilletons mensuels dans la revue Bentley's Miscellany, entre février 1837 et avril 1839, juin et octobre 1837 exceptés. L'histoire concerne un orphelin, Oliver Twist, soumis à des privations et des vexations dans l'hospice paroissial (workhouse) où il est né. Choisi par tirage au sort par ses camarades affamés, il ose demander une portion supplémentaire de gruau et il est alors placé chez un croque-mort, d'où il s'échappe pour prendre la route de Londres ; dès son arrivée, il rencontre l'un des personnages les plus célèbres de Dickens, The Artful Dodger — nom traduit par Rusé matois pour Alfred Gérardin en 1893 et Le Renard dans la collection Pléiade — chef d'une bande de jeunes pickpockets. Naïvement confiant en son nouveau compagnon, il se laisse entraîner dans l'antre de son maître, le criminel Fagin. Oliver Twist s'inspire au moins en partie de l'histoire autobiographique de Robert Blincoe, publiée dans les années 1830 et très appréciée du public — même si subsiste un doute quant à son authenticité — où l'auteur, orphelin élevé à la dure dans un hospice paroissial, est soumis à un labeur forcé et aux pires souffrances dans une manufacture de coton. Dickens s'est trouvé ulcéré par quelques commentaires l'accusant d'avoir glorifié le crime et, dans sa préface de la troisième édition parue en 1841, il se dissocie avec tact de la manière romanesque avec laquelle certains de ses confrères traitaient ce thème, en particulier Ainsworth, Bulwer-Lytton ou encore Charles Lever. De fait, il présente un tableau réaliste des sordides bas-fonds de la capitale anglaise et expose sans concession la cruauté à laquelle sont soumis les orphelins à l'époque victorienne. Oliver Twist est en effet l'un des premiers ouvrages à vocation sociale du XIXe siècle, attirant l'attention du public sur nombre de maux contemporains, raillant l'hypocrisie des bien-pensants par le procédé d'une ironie sarcastique très sombre, mais faisant également appel à un pathétique appuyé pour décrire la misère ambiante et, comme le roman se termine bien, un sentimentalisme parfois jugé exagéré à l'égard, surtout, du héros de l'histoire. Le roman a fait l'objet de nombreuses adaptations, tant pour la scène qu'à l'écran, et de plusieurs comédies musicales, dont la plus appréciée reste Oliver!, de Lionel Bart, qui a connu un immense et durable succès dès sa première en 1960.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Oliver Twist; or The Parish Boy's Progress (Oliverio Twist en algunas ediciones en español[cita requerida]) es la segunda novela del autor inglés Charles Dickens. Se publicó originalmente como novela por entregas de aparición mensual en la revista Bentley's Miscellany, entre febrero de 1837 y abril de 1839. En un principio, el autor tenía la intención de que formase parte de una obra más extensa, The Mudfog Papers. Es la primera novela en lengua inglesa que tiene a un niño como protagonista. Asimismo, destaca por su tratamiento del mundo de los criminales y sus sórdidas vidas, prácticamente carente de Romanticismo. Oliver Twist es una de las primeras novelas sociales de la historia de la literatura, pues llama la atención a sus lectores sobre varios males sociales de la época, tales como el trabajo infantil o la utilización de niños para cometer delitos. Dickens se burla de la hipocresía de su época tratando estos temas tan serios con sarcasmo y humor negro. La novela pudo haber sido inspirada por la historia de Robert Blincoe, un huérfano cuyo relato sobre la dureza de su vida como trabajador infantil en un molino de algodón tuvo una gran difusión en los años 1830.\", 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Oliver Twist é um romance de Charles Dickens que relata as aventuras e desventuras de um rapaz órfão. É um dos romances onde o autor trata do fenômeno da delinquência provocada pelas condições precárias da sociedade inglesa da época. No Brasil, a tradução oficial foi iniciada por Machado de Assis em 1870. Este começou a tradução a partir da versão francesa ao invés da versão original, e decidiu resumir ou retirar passagens da obra, não completando-a por motivo desconhecido, parando no capítulo 28 (do total de 53), e lamentou não poder mais continuar a tradução. Logo a Editora Hedra, que desejava publicar a versão brasileira, deu continuidade ao trabalho com Ricardo Lísias.', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《苦海孤雛》（英語：Oliver Twist，又譯《孤雛淚》，港译为《苦海孤雏》），是英国作家查爾斯·狄更斯的第二部作品，在1838年由理查德·宾利（Richard Bentley）出版。故事记叙了一位孤儿奥利佛·退斯特在济贫院的悲惨经历，以及随后在殡仪馆的遭遇。他逃出了伦敦后遇到了少年犯头子小扒手道奇（Artful Dodger）。天真无辜的奥利佛被他们带到了教唆犯费金（Fagin）的老巢。《苦海孤雛》的特點在于狄更斯對罪犯和他們肮髒生活以平淡無奇的方式寫在筆下。小說揭露了狄更斯時代倫敦大量孤兒的悲慘生活。小說的副標題是《教區男孩的進步》，暗指約翰·班揚的《清教徒進步》和18世紀威廉·荷加斯的諷刺連載《浪子的進步》和《娼妓的進步》如同狄更斯的其他小說，本書揭露許多當時的社會惡疾，如救濟院、童工、以及幫派吸收青少年參與犯罪等，試圖喚起大眾的注意。狄更斯使用諷刺和黑色幽默來對社會虛僞進行了嘲諷。小說的靈感可能來自羅伯特·紐西蘭（Robert Blincoe），這位孤兒在紡織廠做童工的苦難在十九世紀三十年代被廣泛閱讀。而狄更斯早年的童工經歷也可能對故事情節發展有所貢獻。本書曾多次改編為電影、電視劇及舞台劇。世界知名導演羅曼·波蘭斯基於2005年也曾將此書拍成電影。最早林紓将其译作《贼史》，后有人译为《孤雏泪》。', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『オリヴァー・ツイスト』（Oliver Twist ）は、チャールズ・ディケンズの長編小説。1837年から1839年まで「ベントリーズ・ミセラニー」に月刊分載、単行本は1838年刊。 孤児オリヴァーが様々な困苦にもめげずに立派に成長するまでを描く。作者の出世作。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Приключе́ния О́ливера Тви́ста» (Oliver Twist; or, the Parish Boy’s Progress; The Adventures of Oliver Twist) — второй роман Чарльза Диккенса и первый в английской литературе, главным героем которого стал ребёнок.', 'lang': 'ru'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/illustrator': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/George_Cruikshank'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/literaryGenre': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Novel'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/oclc': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': '185812519'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/previousWork': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Pickwick_Papers'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/publisher': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': \"http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bentley's_Miscellany\"}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Richard_Bentley_(publisher)'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/subsequentWork': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Nicholas_Nickleby'}], 'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Oliver Twist', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Oliver Twist; 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De eerste versie was geïllustreerd door John Leech. Het boek was onmiddellijk een succes met een verkoop van 6000 exemplaren binnen een week.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Il Canto di Natale (A Christmas Carol: A Goblin Story of Some Bells that Rang an Old Year Out and a New Year In), noto anche come Cantico di Natale, Ballata di Natale o Racconto di Natale, è un romanzo breve di genere fantastico del 1843 di Charles Dickens (1812-1870), di cui è una delle opere più famose e popolari. È il più importante della serie dei Libri di Natale (The Christmas Books), una serie di storie che include anche Le campane (The Chimes, 1845), Il grillo del focolare (The Cricket on the Hearth, 1845), La battaglia della vita (The Battle for Life, 1846) e Il patto col fantasma (The Haunted Man, 1848).', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『クリスマス・キャロル』（原題：A Christmas Carol）は、英国の文豪ディケンズの中編小説。1843年12月19日に出版。「クリスマス・ブックス」の第1作守銭奴のスクルージがクリスマス・イヴに超自然的な体験をし、それがもとで改心する。クリスマス・ストーリーの中では最も有名なもので、広範囲な読者を獲得し、ディケンズを世界的に有名な作家としたことでも記念碑的な中編である。原作は英国で出版され、原文は英語である。出版社はロンドンのチャップマン・アンド・ホールで、ハードカバーとペーパーバックの二つの形態で出版され、挿絵画家ジョン・リーチによる彩色挿絵入りである。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol é um livro da autoria de Charles Dickens. Com várias traduções em Português, sendo uma delas Um Conto de Natal, o livro foi escrito em menos de um mês originalmente para pagar dívidas, mas tornou-se um dos maiores clássicos natalinos de todos os tempos e uma das mais célebres obras de Dickens. O autor descreveu-o como o seu \"livrinho de Natal\", e foi primeiramente publicado em 19 de dezembro de 1843, com ilustrações de John Leech. A história transformou-se instantaneamente num sucesso, vendendo mais de seis mil cópias apenas numa semana.', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"A Christmas CarolUn chant de Noël (A Christmas Carol), également publié en français sous les titres Cantique de Noël, Chanson de Noël ou Conte de Noël, est le premier et le plus célèbre des contes écrits par Charles Dickens. Rédigé en même temps que Martin Chuzzlewit et paru en décembre 1843 chez Chapman and Hall avec des illustrations de John Leech, il est considéré comme « son œuvre la plus parfaite ». Aussitôt, Thackeray le salue comme un « bienfait national ». Acclamé par les critiques comme par le public, sa popularité n'a jamais faibli. Son protagoniste, Scrooge, reste sans doute le personnage dickensien le plus universellement connu et, grâce à ce livre, Dickens, incarné en une sorte de Père Noël pour le monde anglo-saxon, a été décrit comme l'« inventeur » de la fête qui lui est as\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'أنشودة عيد الميلاد (بالإنجليزية: A Christmas Carol) وهي رواية قصيرة للكاتب الإنجليزي تشارلز ديكنز في سنة 1843، وكما تعد من أشهر روايات ديكنز. تعد الشخصيات الرئيسية في قصة ” ترنيمة عيد الميلاد ” إبينيزار سكروجK وعائلة كراتشيت وتاينى تيم وشبح مارلى وأرواح عيد الميلاد الثلاث. والقصة تصور بطريقة مسرحية تحول ابن عزير من عجوز متذمر شحيح إلى شخص كريم دافئ القلب.ودخلت كلمة “سكروج” منذ ذلك الحين في اللغة الإنجليزية كمصطلح يصف البخيل. فسكروج يعتبر عيد الميلاد “هراء”, ويرفض أن يعتبره من الأعياد.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost-Story of Christmas (wörtlich Ein Weihnachtslied in Prosa, oder Eine Geistergeschichte zum Christfest, deutsch meist Eine Weihnachtsgeschichte) ist eine der bekanntesten Erzählungen von Charles Dickens. Sie wurde im Dezember 1843 mit Illustrationen von John Leech erstmals veröffentlicht.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《小氣財神》或譯《聖誕頌歌》又譯《聖誕述異》（原文A Christmas Carol，書名全文則為A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being A Ghost Story of Christmas）是查爾斯·狄更斯的聖誕系列小作品，1843年12月19日初版，由約翰·李奇（John Leech）負責插畫。狄更斯最初寫這本書的動機只不過是為了解決燃眉之急的債務，未料甫出版即造成轟動，於短短一周內初版的六千冊就狂售一空。至今它已是史上最廣受喜愛的聖誕故事之一，在世界各地不斷地以各種語言再版，並多次被改編為電視劇、電影、及舞台劇和3D動畫芭比之聖誕歡歌等，在聖誕季節播放演出，流行的程度歷久不衰。《小氣財神》其實是寫於一個舊有聖誕傳統逐漸式微的年代；然而由於本書的廣受歡迎，使聖誕節及其蘊涵的精神情操再次得到人們的重視。與狄更斯同時代的英國詩人兼幽默大師托馬斯·胡德（Thomas Hood）在一篇發表於1844年1月的書評中曾如是說：「如果說聖誕節那古老溫馨好客的傳統及它所建立社會慈善的風尚正面臨傾頹的危機，那麼能夠作為中流砥柱力挽此一狂瀾者，也就是本書了。」', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost-Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall on 19 December 1843. The novella met with instant success and critical acclaim. A Christmas Carol tells the story of a bitter old miser named Ebenezer Scrooge and his transformation into a gentler, kindlier man after visitations by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come.', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Рождественская песнь в про́зе: свя́точный расска́з с привиде́ниями» (англ. A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost Story of Christmas), обычно называемая просто «Рожде́ственская песнь» (англ. A Christmas Carol) — повесть британского писателя Чарльза Диккенса, вышедшая в 1843 году. Состоит из пяти глав, называемых автором «строфами».Одна из «Рождественских повестей» Диккенса, ставшая одним из самых популярных рассказов о Рождестве в Великобритании и за её пределами.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Canción de Navidad, Cuento de Navidad o El cántico de Navidad, cuyo título original en inglés es A Christmas Carol, es una novela corta escrita por el británico Charles Dickens y publicada originalmente por Chapman & Hall el 19 de diciembre de 1843. Cuenta la historia de un hombre avaro y egoísta llamado Ebenezer Scrooge y su transformación tras ser visitado por una serie de fantasmas en Nochebuena. La novela consiguió un inmediato éxito y el aplauso de la crítica.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Opowieść wigilijna (tyt. oryg. A Christmas Carol) – opowiadanie Karola Dickensa nawiązujące do Wigilii Bożego Narodzenia. Książka ukazała się po raz pierwszy w grudniu 1843 roku, z ilustracjami Johna Leecha. Tłumaczona wielokrotnie i wydawana jako Opowieść wigilijna (częściej) lub zgodnie z oryginalnym tytułem jako Kolęda prozą.Opowieść wigilijna była niespodziewanym sukcesem Karola Dickensa. Napisał on ją przede wszystkim z zamiarem spłacenia swoich długów.', 'lang': 'pl'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/Canto_di_Natale'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/A_Christmas_Carol'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://cs.dbpedia.org/resource/Vánoční_koleda_(Dickens)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://de.dbpedia.org/resource/A_Christmas_Carol'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.0js1m'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/A_Christmas_Carol'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Un_chant_de_Noël'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q62879'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q62879'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://sw.cyc.com/concept/Mx4rQekQjWGhSjuRPEP0LtP00w'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://id.dbpedia.org/resource/A_Christmas_Carol'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pt.dbpedia.org/resource/A_Christmas_Carol'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ko.dbpedia.org/resource/크리스마스_캐럴_(디킨스)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ja.dbpedia.org/resource/クリスマス・キャロル_(小説)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pl.dbpedia.org/resource/Opowieść_wigilijna'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://eu.dbpedia.org/resource/Eguberri_kanta_(eleberria)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://nl.dbpedia.org/resource/A_Christmas_Carol_(boek)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://el.dbpedia.org/resource/Χριστουγεννιάτικη_ιστορία'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol?oldid=704890420'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Рождественская песнь в про́зе: свя́точный расска́з с привиде́ниями» (англ. A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost Story of Christmas), обычно называемая просто «Рожде́ственская песнь» (англ. A Christmas Carol) — повесть британского писателя Чарльза Диккенса, вышедшая в 1843 году. Состоит из пяти глав, называемых автором «строфами».Одна из «Рождественских повестей» Диккенса, ставшая одним из самых популярных рассказов о Рождестве в Великобритании и за её пределами.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Canción de Navidad, Cuento de Navidad o El cántico de Navidad, cuyo título original en inglés es A Christmas Carol, es una novela corta escrita por el británico Charles Dickens y publicada originalmente por Chapman & Hall el 19 de diciembre de 1843. Cuenta la historia de un hombre avaro y egoísta llamado Ebenezer Scrooge y su transformación tras ser visitado por una serie de fantasmas en Nochebuena. La novela consiguió un inmediato éxito y el aplauso de la crítica. El libro fue escrito y publicado durante la época victoriana, un tiempo en el que existía una gran nostalgia por las viejas tradiciones navideñas unida a la introducción de nuevas costumbres como los árboles de Navidad o las tarjetas de felicitación. Las inspiraciones de Dickens para escribir la novela parecen ser muchas y variadas, pero las principales son las tristes y humillantes experiencias de su infancia, su simpatía por los pobres, y varios relatos navideños y cuentos de hadas. La novela ha sido vista por la crítica como una condena del capitalismo industrial del siglo XIX. También se ha considerado que contribuyó a la restauración de la Navidad como una época de celebración y festividad en el Reino Unido y Estados Unidos tras un periodo más sobrio y sombrío. El libro sigue siendo popular, ya que nunca ha dejado de publicarse y ha sido adaptado en numerosas ocasiones al cine, al teatro, la televisión y otros medios. A mediados del siglo XIX, un interés nostálgico por las antiguas tradiciones navideñas recorrió la Inglaterra victoriana tras la publicación de tres influyentes obras: Some Ancient Christmas Carols (1822), de Davies Gilbert; The Book of Christmas (1837), de Thomas Kibble Hervey; y Selection of Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern (1833), de William Sandys. Este interés fue estimulado también por el príncipe Alberto, consorte de la reina Victoria, que era de origen alemán y popularizó el árbol de Navidad alemán tras su matrimonio en 1841, la primera tarjeta navideña en 1843 y un resurgimiento del canto de villancicos (carols). El estudio de las tradiciones navideñas por parte de Hervey atribuyó su olvido a los desfavorables cambios sociales y a la urbanización (crecimiento de las ciudades) en Inglaterra. La novela de Dickens fue una de las principales influencias en el resurgimiento de las viejas tradiciones navideñas en Inglaterra, pero a la vez que transmite imágenes y sentimientos de optimismo, alegría, calidez y vida, también transmite elementos de oscuridad, desesperanza, frialdad, tristeza y muerte. El propio protagonista, Scrooge, es la personificación del invierno y, al igual que el invierno es sucedido por la primavera y el resurgimiento de la vida, el corazón duro, frío y triste de Scrooge es restaurado a la alegría y la buena voluntad que conoció en su infancia y juventud.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Opowieść wigilijna (tyt. oryg. A Christmas Carol) – opowiadanie Karola Dickensa nawiązujące do Wigilii Bożego Narodzenia. Książka ukazała się po raz pierwszy w grudniu 1843 roku, z ilustracjami Johna Leecha. Tłumaczona wielokrotnie i wydawana jako Opowieść wigilijna (częściej) lub zgodnie z oryginalnym tytułem jako Kolęda prozą. Opowiadanie Karola Dickensa jest moralitetem w stylu wiktoriańskim. Pokazuje głębokie doświadczenie i przemianę skąpca Ebenezera Scrooge’a, zachodzącą w czasie nocy wigilijnej. Jest on samotnikiem, nielubiącym ludzi, a dbającym jedynie o pomnażanie swojego majątku. W noc wigilijną ukazuje mu się duch Jakuba Marleya – jego zmarłego partnera w interesach, cierpiącego pod ciężarem łańcucha win, który wykuł sobie za życia. Ta wizyta ma uchronić Scrooge’a przed podobnym losem. Początkowo nieufny, Ebenezer zmienia zdanie pod wpływem wizyt kolejnych duchów: Ducha Dawnych Świąt Bożego Narodzenia, Ducha Obecnych Świąt i Ducha Świąt przyszłych. Pokazują one bohaterowi sceny z jego życia przeszłego, teraźniejszego i przyszłego. Przerażony wizją samotnej śmierci, Scrooge pojmuje beznadziejność takiego trybu życia i nastawienia do innych ludzi, staje się z powrotem szczodrym, serdecznym człowiekiem, jakim był za młodu, przed śmiercią siostry, jedynej jak się zdawało osoby, która kiedykolwiek się o niego troszczyła. Opowieść wigilijna była niespodziewanym sukcesem Karola Dickensa. Napisał on ją przede wszystkim z zamiarem spłacenia swoich długów.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol (\"Een Kerstvertelling\") (volledige titel: A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost Story of Christmas) is een novelle van Charles Dickens. A Christmas Carol verscheen op 19 december 1843 en was uitverkocht op de 22e. De eerste versie was geïllustreerd door John Leech. Het boek was onmiddellijk een succes met een verkoop van 6000 exemplaren binnen een week. Het boek kwam uit in een periode dat de oude tradities van Kerstmis steeds minder in ere werden gehouden, en nieuwe zoals kerstkaarten hun intrede deden. A Christmas Carol sloeg mede daardoor mogelijk aan. De thema\\'s van het verhaal, sociaal onrecht en armoede, de relatie daartussen en hun oorzaken en gevolgen, zijn terugkerende thema\\'s in Dickens\\' werk. De illustrator van de eerste editie, John Leech, was ook een politiek radicale kunstenaar.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost-Story of Christmas (wörtlich Ein Weihnachtslied in Prosa, oder Eine Geistergeschichte zum Christfest, deutsch meist Eine Weihnachtsgeschichte) ist eine der bekanntesten Erzählungen von Charles Dickens. Sie wurde im Dezember 1843 mit Illustrationen von John Leech erstmals veröffentlicht. Die Erzählung handelt von Ebenezer Scrooge, einem alten, grantigen Geizhals, der in einer einzigen Nacht zunächst Besuch von seinem verstorbenen Teilhaber Jacob Marley und dann von drei weiteren Geistern erhält, die ihm schließlich dazu verhelfen, sein Leben zu ändern. Das Buch enthält stark sozialkritische Töne, mit denen Dickens die Missstände im England des 19. Jahrhunderts anprangern wollte.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『クリスマス・キャロル』（原題：A Christmas Carol）は、英国の文豪ディケンズの中編小説。1843年12月19日に出版。「クリスマス・ブックス」の第1作 守銭奴のスクルージがクリスマス・イヴに超自然的な体験をし、それがもとで改心する。クリスマス・ストーリーの中では最も有名なもので、広範囲な読者を獲得し、ディケンズを世界的に有名な作家としたことでも記念碑的な中編である。 原作は英国で出版され、原文は英語である。出版社はロンドンのチャップマン・アンド・ホールで、ハードカバーとペーパーバックの二つの形態で出版され、挿絵画家ジョン・リーチによる彩色挿絵入りである。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《小氣財神》或譯《聖誕頌歌》又譯《聖誕述異》（原文A Christmas Carol，書名全文則為A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being A Ghost Story of Christmas）是查爾斯·狄更斯的聖誕系列小作品，1843年12月19日初版，由約翰·李奇（John Leech）負責插畫。狄更斯最初寫這本書的動機只不過是為了解決燃眉之急的債務，未料甫出版即造成轟動，於短短一周內初版的六千冊就狂售一空。至今它已是史上最廣受喜愛的聖誕故事之一，在世界各地不斷地以各種語言再版，並多次被改編為電視劇、電影、及舞台劇和3D動畫芭比之聖誕歡歌等，在聖誕季節播放演出，流行的程度歷久不衰。《小氣財神》其實是寫於一個舊有聖誕傳統逐漸式微的年代；然而由於本書的廣受歡迎，使聖誕節及其蘊涵的精神情操再次得到人們的重視。與狄更斯同時代的英國詩人兼幽默大師托馬斯·胡德（Thomas Hood）在一篇發表於1844年1月的書評中曾如是說：「如果說聖誕節那古老溫馨好客的傳統及它所建立社會慈善的風尚正面臨傾頹的危機，那麼能夠作為中流砥柱力挽此一狂瀾者，也就是本書了。」', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'أنشودة عيد الميلاد (بالإنجليزية: A Christmas Carol) وهي رواية قصيرة للكاتب الإنجليزي تشارلز ديكنز في سنة 1843، وكما تعد من أشهر روايات ديكنز. تعد الشخصيات الرئيسية في قصة ” ترنيمة عيد الميلاد ” إبينيزار سكروجK وعائلة كراتشيت وتاينى تيم وشبح مارلى وأرواح عيد الميلاد الثلاث. والقصة تصور بطريقة مسرحية تحول ابن عزير من عجوز متذمر شحيح إلى شخص كريم دافئ القلب.ودخلت كلمة “سكروج” منذ ذلك الحين في اللغة الإنجليزية كمصطلح يصف البخيل. فسكروج يعتبر عيد الميلاد “هراء”, ويرفض أن يعتبره من الأعياد.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"A Christmas Carol Un chant de Noël (A Christmas Carol), également publié en français sous les titres Cantique de Noël, Chanson de Noël ou Conte de Noël, est le premier et le plus célèbre des contes écrits par Charles Dickens. Rédigé en même temps que Martin Chuzzlewit et paru en décembre 1843 chez Chapman and Hall avec des illustrations de John Leech, il est considéré comme « son œuvre la plus parfaite ». Aussitôt, Thackeray le salue comme un « bienfait national ». Acclamé par les critiques comme par le public, sa popularité n'a jamais faibli. Son protagoniste, Scrooge, reste sans doute le personnage dickensien le plus universellement connu et, grâce à ce livre, Dickens, incarné en une sorte de Père Noël pour le monde anglo-saxon, a été décrit comme l'« inventeur » de la fête qui lui est associée. Pourtant, c'est d'abord une réponse à des controverses d'ordre économique qu'il a voulu apporter. Mais très vite le conte s'est donné à lire comme affirmation des célébrations de Noël plutôt que pamphlet polémique, et, selon David Paroissien, qui lui attribue jusqu'au mérite d'avoir « sauvé les congés de fin d'année des griffes de sombres Calvinistes », il a été promu au rang de « classique de la littérature de Noël des temps modernes ». Les adaptations dont il a constamment fait l'objet depuis sa parution témoignent de l'universalité de son message. D'abord le théâtre, puis la scène du music-hall, la radio, la télévision et le cinéma, mais aussi la chanson de variété et la musique classique, le ballet comme la science-fiction, tous lui rendent hommage en une suite interrompue dont l'examen reflète l'évolution des goûts et des mentalités depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Il Canto di Natale (A Christmas Carol: A Goblin Story of Some Bells that Rang an Old Year Out and a New Year In), noto anche come Cantico di Natale, Ballata di Natale o Racconto di Natale, è un romanzo breve di genere fantastico del 1843 di Charles Dickens (1812-1870), di cui è una delle opere più famose e popolari. È il più importante della serie dei Libri di Natale (The Christmas Books), una serie di storie che include anche Le campane (The Chimes, 1845), Il grillo del focolare (The Cricket on the Hearth, 1845), La battaglia della vita (The Battle for Life, 1846) e Il patto col fantasma (The Haunted Man, 1848). Il romanzo è uno degli esempi di critica di Dickens della società ed è anche una delle più famose e commoventi storie sul Natale nel mondo.Narra della conversione dell'arido e tirchio Ebenezer Scrooge visitato nella notte di Natale da tre spiriti (il Natale del passato, del presente e del futuro), preceduti da un'ammonizione dello spettro del defunto amico e collega Jacob Marley. Il Canto unisce al gusto del racconto gotico l'impegno nella lotta alla povertà e allo sfruttamento minorile, attaccando l'analfabetismo: problemi esasperati apparentemente proprio dalla Poor Law (Legge contro la povertà), comodo tappabuchi tanto inefficace quanto dannoso ideato dalle classi abbienti.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost-Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall on 19 December 1843. The novella met with instant success and critical acclaim. A Christmas Carol tells the story of a bitter old miser named Ebenezer Scrooge and his transformation into a gentler, kindlier man after visitations by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come. The book was written at a time when the British were examining and exploring Christmas traditions from the past as well as new customs such as Christmas cards and Christmas trees. Carol singing took a new lease on life during this time. Dickens's sources for the tale appear to be many and varied, but are, principally, the humiliating experiences of his childhood, his sympathy for the poor, and various Christmas stories and fairy tales. A Christmas Carol remains popular—having never been out of print—and has been adapted many times to film, stage, opera, and other media.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol é um livro da autoria de Charles Dickens. Com várias traduções em Português, sendo uma delas Um Conto de Natal, o livro foi escrito em menos de um mês originalmente para pagar dívidas, mas tornou-se um dos maiores clássicos natalinos de todos os tempos e uma das mais célebres obras de Dickens. O autor descreveu-o como o seu \"livrinho de Natal\", e foi primeiramente publicado em 19 de dezembro de 1843, com ilustrações de John Leech. A história transformou-se instantaneamente num sucesso, vendendo mais de seis mil cópias apenas numa semana.', 'lang': 'pt'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/illustrator': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Leech_(caricaturist)'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/literaryGenre': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Social_criticism'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Parable'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Morality_play'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ghost_story'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Novella'}], 'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol. In Prose. 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A Fairy Tale of Home) هي رواية قصيرة بقلم تشارلز ديكنز، والتي نشرتها دار برادبري وايفانز، وصدرت في 20 ديسمبر 1845 مع الرسوم التوضيحية بريشة دانيال ماكليس وجون ليتش وريتشارد دويل وكلاركسون ستانفيلد وإدوين هنري لاندسير. بدأ ديكنز بكتابة القصة في 17 أكتوبر 1845 وانتهى في 1 ديسمبر من تلك السنة. مثل كل من كتب عيد الميلاد لديكنز، فقد نشرها في شكل كتاب، وليس كمسلسل كما فعل في أغلب رواياته.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Cricket on the Hearth: A Fairy Tale of Home (pt.: O Grilo da Lareira) é um romance de Charles Dickens, publicado pela editora Bradbury and Evans e lançado a 20 de dezembro de 1845 com ilustrações de Daneil Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfeild e Edwin Landseer . Dickens começou a escrever o livro por volta do dia 17 de outubro de 1845 e terminou-o a 1 de dezembro do mesmo ano. Como é o caso de todos os livros de Natal de Charles Dickens, este foi publicado diretamente em formato de livro e não foi lançado em série. Dickens descreveu o romance como \"calmo e doméstico [...] inocente e bonito\". É o terceiro de cinco livros de Natal de Dickens, os restantes são: A Christmas Carol (1843), The Chimes (1844), The Battle of Life (1846) e The Haunted Man and the Ghost\\'s Bargain', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Das Heimchen am Herde, Originaltitel The Cricket on the Hearth, ist eine Erzählung von Charles Dickens aus dem Jahr 1845.Die Novelle gehört zu den fünf Weihnachtsgeschichten, die Dickens in den Jahren 1843 bis 1847 jeweils zu Weihnachten als eigenständige Bücher veröffentlichte. Die bekannteste ist A Christmas Carol aus dem Jahr 1843, gefolgt von Chimes (1844) und The Cricket on the Hearth als dritter Band. Im Jahr 1846 folgte The Battle of Life und 1847 The Haunted Man.Cricket on the Hearth ist eine Geschichte über das Glück, das die Grillen im Ofen bringen sollen.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Cricket on the Hearth: A Fairy Tale of Home is a novella by Charles Dickens, published by Bradbury and Evans, and released 20 December 1845 with illustrations by Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield and Edwin Henry Landseer. Dickens began writing the book around 17 October 1845 and finished it by 1 December. Like all of Dickens\\'s Christmas books, it was published in book form, not as a serial. Dickens described the novel as \"quiet and domestic [...] innocent and pretty.\" It is subdivided into chapters called \"Chirps\", similar to the \"Quarters\" of The Chimes or the \"Staves\" of A Christmas Carol. It is the third of Dickens\\'s five Christmas books, preceded by A Christmas Carol (1843) and The Chimes (1844), and followed by The Battle of Life (1846) and The Haunted ', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Il grillo del focolare è un romanzo breve di Charles Dickens del 1845. È li terzo dei cinque libri natalizi dello scrittore, le cui illustrazioni originali vennero disegnate da Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield e Edward Landseer. È suddiviso in capitoli.La novella si svolge attorno alle vicende di persone umili, è appunto una favola domestica, come dichiara il sottotitolo.', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Le Grillon du foyer (titre original : The Cricket on the Hearth. A Fairy Tale of Home) est une nouvelle de Charles Dickens parue le 20 décembre 1845, avec des illustrations de Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield et Edwin Henry Landseer.C'est le troisième des cinq contes de Noël de Dickens, les autres étant Un chant de Noël (A Christmas Carol, 1843), The Chimes (1844), La Bataille de la vie (The Battle of Life, 1846), et The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain (1848), et c'est un des plus populaires.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Это статья о повести. Статью о фильме см. Сверчок за очагом«Сверчок за очагом. Семейная сказка» (англ. The Cricket on the Hearth. A Fairy Tale of Home) — повесть Чарльза Диккенса, написанная в период с 17 октября по 1 декабря 1845 года. Входит в состав «Рождественских повестей» Диккенса.Повесть состоит из трёх глав, называемых «песенками» (англ. chirps), подобно тому, как в «Рождественской песни» части именуются «строфами».', 'lang': 'ru'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Le_Grillon_du_foyer_(nouvelle)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.04pwz4'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://de.dbpedia.org/resource/Das_Heimchen_am_Herde'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pt.dbpedia.org/resource/The_Cricket_on_the_Hearth'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/The_Cricket_on_the_Hearth'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/Il_grillo_del_focolare'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q825220'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q825220'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cricket_on_the_Hearth?oldid=688269572'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Это статья о повести. Статью о фильме см. Сверчок за очагом«Сверчок за очагом. Семейная сказка» (англ. The Cricket on the Hearth. A Fairy Tale of Home) — повесть Чарльза Диккенса, написанная в период с 17 октября по 1 декабря 1845 года. Входит в состав «Рождественских повестей» Диккенса.Повесть состоит из трёх глав, называемых «песенками» (англ. chirps), подобно тому, как в «Рождественской песни» части именуются «строфами».', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Il grillo del focolare è un romanzo breve di Charles Dickens del 1845. È li terzo dei cinque libri natalizi dello scrittore, le cui illustrazioni originali vennero disegnate da Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield e Edward Landseer. È suddiviso in capitoli. Dickens cominciò la stesura della novella il 17 ottobre circa, e la terminò il primo dicembre 1845. Come lo scrittore usava fare, la novella fu dapprima pubblicata in forma di libro e non di serie a puntate, da Bradbury and Evans, il 20 dicembre dello stesso anno. Lo stesso Dickens definì il racconto \"calmo e domestico... innocente e carino\" (quiet and domestic... innocent and pretty). La novella si svolge attorno alle vicende di persone umili, è appunto una favola domestica, come dichiara il sottotitolo.', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'صرار الليل على الموقد: خرافة عن الوطن (بالإنجليزية: The Cricket on the Hearth. A Fairy Tale of Home) هي رواية قصيرة بقلم تشارلز ديكنز، والتي نشرتها دار برادبري وايفانز، وصدرت في 20 ديسمبر 1845 مع الرسوم التوضيحية بريشة دانيال ماكليس وجون ليتش وريتشارد دويل وكلاركسون ستانفيلد وإدوين هنري لاندسير. بدأ ديكنز بكتابة القصة في 17 أكتوبر 1845 وانتهى في 1 ديسمبر من تلك السنة. مثل كل من كتب عيد الميلاد لديكنز، فقد نشرها في شكل كتاب، وليس كمسلسل كما فعل في أغلب رواياته. وصفها ديكنز الرواية بأنها \"هادئة وأليفة [...] بريئة وجميلة.\"  وتنقسم إلى فصول تسمى \"تغريدات\"، على غرار \"الأرباع\" في فصة الدقات أو \"العصي\" من أنشودة عيد الميلاد. وهي الثالثة من كتب عيد الميلاد الخمسة لديكنز، وسبقتها أنشودة عيد الميلاد (1843) ودقات الأجراس (1844)، وتلتها معركة الحياة (1846) والرجل المسكون ومساومة الشبح في (1848).', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Le Grillon du foyer (titre original : The Cricket on the Hearth. A Fairy Tale of Home) est une nouvelle de Charles Dickens parue le 20 décembre 1845, avec des illustrations de Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield et Edwin Henry Landseer. C'est le troisième des cinq contes de Noël de Dickens, les autres étant Un chant de Noël (A Christmas Carol, 1843), The Chimes (1844), La Bataille de la vie (The Battle of Life, 1846), et The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain (1848), et c'est un des plus populaires.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Das Heimchen am Herde, Originaltitel The Cricket on the Hearth, ist eine Erzählung von Charles Dickens aus dem Jahr 1845. Die Novelle gehört zu den fünf Weihnachtsgeschichten, die Dickens in den Jahren 1843 bis 1847 jeweils zu Weihnachten als eigenständige Bücher veröffentlichte. Die bekannteste ist A Christmas Carol aus dem Jahr 1843, gefolgt von Chimes (1844) und The Cricket on the Hearth als dritter Band. Im Jahr 1846 folgte The Battle of Life und 1847 The Haunted Man. Die Illustrationen stammten im Original von Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield und Edward Landseer. In Anlehnung an den Gesang der Heimchen (Grillen) ist das Werk nicht in Kapitel, sondern in drei von Dickens so genannte „Chirps“ (Zirpen) eingeteilt. Charles Dickens schrieb die Erzählung zwischen dem 17. Oktober und dem 1. Dezember 1845. Danach wurde sie sofort für das Weihnachtsgeschäft veröffentlicht. Cricket on the Hearth ist eine Geschichte über das Glück, das die Grillen im Ofen bringen sollen.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Cricket on the Hearth: A Fairy Tale of Home is a novella by Charles Dickens, published by Bradbury and Evans, and released 20 December 1845 with illustrations by Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield and Edwin Henry Landseer. Dickens began writing the book around 17 October 1845 and finished it by 1 December. Like all of Dickens\\'s Christmas books, it was published in book form, not as a serial. Dickens described the novel as \"quiet and domestic [...] innocent and pretty.\" It is subdivided into chapters called \"Chirps\", similar to the \"Quarters\" of The Chimes or the \"Staves\" of A Christmas Carol. It is the third of Dickens\\'s five Christmas books, preceded by A Christmas Carol (1843) and The Chimes (1844), and followed by The Battle of Life (1846) and The Haunted Man and the Ghost\\'s Bargain (1848).', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Cricket on the Hearth: A Fairy Tale of Home (pt.: O Grilo da Lareira) é um romance de Charles Dickens, publicado pela editora Bradbury and Evans e lançado a 20 de dezembro de 1845 com ilustrações de Daneil Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfeild e Edwin Landseer . Dickens começou a escrever o livro por volta do dia 17 de outubro de 1845 e terminou-o a 1 de dezembro do mesmo ano. Como é o caso de todos os livros de Natal de Charles Dickens, este foi publicado diretamente em formato de livro e não foi lançado em série. Dickens descreveu o romance como \"calmo e doméstico [...] inocente e bonito\". É o terceiro de cinco livros de Natal de Dickens, os restantes são: A Christmas Carol (1843), The Chimes (1844), The Battle of Life (1846) e The Haunted Man and the Ghost\\'s Bargain (1848).', 'lang': 'pt'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/illustrator': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Daniel_Maclise'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Edwin_Henry_Landseer'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Clarkson_Frederick_Stanfield'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Leech_(caricaturist)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Richard_Doyle_(illustrator)'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/previousWork': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Chimes'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/publisher': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 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De eerste versie was geïllustreerd door John Leech. Het boek was onmiddellijk een succes met een verkoop van 6000 exemplaren binnen een week.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Il Canto di Natale (A Christmas Carol: A Goblin Story of Some Bells that Rang an Old Year Out and a New Year In), noto anche come Cantico di Natale, Ballata di Natale o Racconto di Natale, è un romanzo breve di genere fantastico del 1843 di Charles Dickens (1812-1870), di cui è una delle opere più famose e popolari. È il più importante della serie dei Libri di Natale (The Christmas Books), una serie di storie che include anche Le campane (The Chimes, 1845), Il grillo del focolare (The Cricket on the Hearth, 1845), La battaglia della vita (The Battle for Life, 1846) e Il patto col fantasma (The Haunted Man, 1848).', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『クリスマス・キャロル』（原題：A Christmas Carol）は、英国の文豪ディケンズの中編小説。1843年12月19日に出版。「クリスマス・ブックス」の第1作守銭奴のスクルージがクリスマス・イヴに超自然的な体験をし、それがもとで改心する。クリスマス・ストーリーの中では最も有名なもので、広範囲な読者を獲得し、ディケンズを世界的に有名な作家としたことでも記念碑的な中編である。原作は英国で出版され、原文は英語である。出版社はロンドンのチャップマン・アンド・ホールで、ハードカバーとペーパーバックの二つの形態で出版され、挿絵画家ジョン・リーチによる彩色挿絵入りである。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol é um livro da autoria de Charles Dickens. Com várias traduções em Português, sendo uma delas Um Conto de Natal, o livro foi escrito em menos de um mês originalmente para pagar dívidas, mas tornou-se um dos maiores clássicos natalinos de todos os tempos e uma das mais célebres obras de Dickens. O autor descreveu-o como o seu \"livrinho de Natal\", e foi primeiramente publicado em 19 de dezembro de 1843, com ilustrações de John Leech. A história transformou-se instantaneamente num sucesso, vendendo mais de seis mil cópias apenas numa semana.', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"A Christmas CarolUn chant de Noël (A Christmas Carol), également publié en français sous les titres Cantique de Noël, Chanson de Noël ou Conte de Noël, est le premier et le plus célèbre des contes écrits par Charles Dickens. Rédigé en même temps que Martin Chuzzlewit et paru en décembre 1843 chez Chapman and Hall avec des illustrations de John Leech, il est considéré comme « son œuvre la plus parfaite ». Aussitôt, Thackeray le salue comme un « bienfait national ». Acclamé par les critiques comme par le public, sa popularité n'a jamais faibli. Son protagoniste, Scrooge, reste sans doute le personnage dickensien le plus universellement connu et, grâce à ce livre, Dickens, incarné en une sorte de Père Noël pour le monde anglo-saxon, a été décrit comme l'« inventeur » de la fête qui lui est as\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'أنشودة عيد الميلاد (بالإنجليزية: A Christmas Carol) وهي رواية قصيرة للكاتب الإنجليزي تشارلز ديكنز في سنة 1843، وكما تعد من أشهر روايات ديكنز. تعد الشخصيات الرئيسية في قصة ” ترنيمة عيد الميلاد ” إبينيزار سكروجK وعائلة كراتشيت وتاينى تيم وشبح مارلى وأرواح عيد الميلاد الثلاث. والقصة تصور بطريقة مسرحية تحول ابن عزير من عجوز متذمر شحيح إلى شخص كريم دافئ القلب.ودخلت كلمة “سكروج” منذ ذلك الحين في اللغة الإنجليزية كمصطلح يصف البخيل. فسكروج يعتبر عيد الميلاد “هراء”, ويرفض أن يعتبره من الأعياد.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost-Story of Christmas (wörtlich Ein Weihnachtslied in Prosa, oder Eine Geistergeschichte zum Christfest, deutsch meist Eine Weihnachtsgeschichte) ist eine der bekanntesten Erzählungen von Charles Dickens. Sie wurde im Dezember 1843 mit Illustrationen von John Leech erstmals veröffentlicht.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《小氣財神》或譯《聖誕頌歌》又譯《聖誕述異》（原文A Christmas Carol，書名全文則為A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being A Ghost Story of Christmas）是查爾斯·狄更斯的聖誕系列小作品，1843年12月19日初版，由約翰·李奇（John Leech）負責插畫。狄更斯最初寫這本書的動機只不過是為了解決燃眉之急的債務，未料甫出版即造成轟動，於短短一周內初版的六千冊就狂售一空。至今它已是史上最廣受喜愛的聖誕故事之一，在世界各地不斷地以各種語言再版，並多次被改編為電視劇、電影、及舞台劇和3D動畫芭比之聖誕歡歌等，在聖誕季節播放演出，流行的程度歷久不衰。《小氣財神》其實是寫於一個舊有聖誕傳統逐漸式微的年代；然而由於本書的廣受歡迎，使聖誕節及其蘊涵的精神情操再次得到人們的重視。與狄更斯同時代的英國詩人兼幽默大師托馬斯·胡德（Thomas Hood）在一篇發表於1844年1月的書評中曾如是說：「如果說聖誕節那古老溫馨好客的傳統及它所建立社會慈善的風尚正面臨傾頹的危機，那麼能夠作為中流砥柱力挽此一狂瀾者，也就是本書了。」', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost-Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall on 19 December 1843. The novella met with instant success and critical acclaim. A Christmas Carol tells the story of a bitter old miser named Ebenezer Scrooge and his transformation into a gentler, kindlier man after visitations by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come.', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Рождественская песнь в про́зе: свя́точный расска́з с привиде́ниями» (англ. A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost Story of Christmas), обычно называемая просто «Рожде́ственская песнь» (англ. A Christmas Carol) — повесть британского писателя Чарльза Диккенса, вышедшая в 1843 году. Состоит из пяти глав, называемых автором «строфами».Одна из «Рождественских повестей» Диккенса, ставшая одним из самых популярных рассказов о Рождестве в Великобритании и за её пределами.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Canción de Navidad, Cuento de Navidad o El cántico de Navidad, cuyo título original en inglés es A Christmas Carol, es una novela corta escrita por el británico Charles Dickens y publicada originalmente por Chapman & Hall el 19 de diciembre de 1843. Cuenta la historia de un hombre avaro y egoísta llamado Ebenezer Scrooge y su transformación tras ser visitado por una serie de fantasmas en Nochebuena. La novela consiguió un inmediato éxito y el aplauso de la crítica.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Opowieść wigilijna (tyt. oryg. A Christmas Carol) – opowiadanie Karola Dickensa nawiązujące do Wigilii Bożego Narodzenia. Książka ukazała się po raz pierwszy w grudniu 1843 roku, z ilustracjami Johna Leecha. Tłumaczona wielokrotnie i wydawana jako Opowieść wigilijna (częściej) lub zgodnie z oryginalnym tytułem jako Kolęda prozą.Opowieść wigilijna była niespodziewanym sukcesem Karola Dickensa. Napisał on ją przede wszystkim z zamiarem spłacenia swoich długów.', 'lang': 'pl'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/Canto_di_Natale'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/A_Christmas_Carol'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://cs.dbpedia.org/resource/Vánoční_koleda_(Dickens)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://de.dbpedia.org/resource/A_Christmas_Carol'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.0js1m'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/A_Christmas_Carol'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Un_chant_de_Noël'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q62879'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q62879'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://sw.cyc.com/concept/Mx4rQekQjWGhSjuRPEP0LtP00w'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://id.dbpedia.org/resource/A_Christmas_Carol'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pt.dbpedia.org/resource/A_Christmas_Carol'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ko.dbpedia.org/resource/크리스마스_캐럴_(디킨스)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://ja.dbpedia.org/resource/クリスマス・キャロル_(小説)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pl.dbpedia.org/resource/Opowieść_wigilijna'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://eu.dbpedia.org/resource/Eguberri_kanta_(eleberria)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://nl.dbpedia.org/resource/A_Christmas_Carol_(boek)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://el.dbpedia.org/resource/Χριστουγεννιάτικη_ιστορία'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol?oldid=704890420'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Рождественская песнь в про́зе: свя́точный расска́з с привиде́ниями» (англ. A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost Story of Christmas), обычно называемая просто «Рожде́ственская песнь» (англ. A Christmas Carol) — повесть британского писателя Чарльза Диккенса, вышедшая в 1843 году. Состоит из пяти глав, называемых автором «строфами».Одна из «Рождественских повестей» Диккенса, ставшая одним из самых популярных рассказов о Рождестве в Великобритании и за её пределами.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Canción de Navidad, Cuento de Navidad o El cántico de Navidad, cuyo título original en inglés es A Christmas Carol, es una novela corta escrita por el británico Charles Dickens y publicada originalmente por Chapman & Hall el 19 de diciembre de 1843. Cuenta la historia de un hombre avaro y egoísta llamado Ebenezer Scrooge y su transformación tras ser visitado por una serie de fantasmas en Nochebuena. La novela consiguió un inmediato éxito y el aplauso de la crítica. El libro fue escrito y publicado durante la época victoriana, un tiempo en el que existía una gran nostalgia por las viejas tradiciones navideñas unida a la introducción de nuevas costumbres como los árboles de Navidad o las tarjetas de felicitación. Las inspiraciones de Dickens para escribir la novela parecen ser muchas y variadas, pero las principales son las tristes y humillantes experiencias de su infancia, su simpatía por los pobres, y varios relatos navideños y cuentos de hadas. La novela ha sido vista por la crítica como una condena del capitalismo industrial del siglo XIX. También se ha considerado que contribuyó a la restauración de la Navidad como una época de celebración y festividad en el Reino Unido y Estados Unidos tras un periodo más sobrio y sombrío. El libro sigue siendo popular, ya que nunca ha dejado de publicarse y ha sido adaptado en numerosas ocasiones al cine, al teatro, la televisión y otros medios. A mediados del siglo XIX, un interés nostálgico por las antiguas tradiciones navideñas recorrió la Inglaterra victoriana tras la publicación de tres influyentes obras: Some Ancient Christmas Carols (1822), de Davies Gilbert; The Book of Christmas (1837), de Thomas Kibble Hervey; y Selection of Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern (1833), de William Sandys. Este interés fue estimulado también por el príncipe Alberto, consorte de la reina Victoria, que era de origen alemán y popularizó el árbol de Navidad alemán tras su matrimonio en 1841, la primera tarjeta navideña en 1843 y un resurgimiento del canto de villancicos (carols). El estudio de las tradiciones navideñas por parte de Hervey atribuyó su olvido a los desfavorables cambios sociales y a la urbanización (crecimiento de las ciudades) en Inglaterra. La novela de Dickens fue una de las principales influencias en el resurgimiento de las viejas tradiciones navideñas en Inglaterra, pero a la vez que transmite imágenes y sentimientos de optimismo, alegría, calidez y vida, también transmite elementos de oscuridad, desesperanza, frialdad, tristeza y muerte. El propio protagonista, Scrooge, es la personificación del invierno y, al igual que el invierno es sucedido por la primavera y el resurgimiento de la vida, el corazón duro, frío y triste de Scrooge es restaurado a la alegría y la buena voluntad que conoció en su infancia y juventud.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Opowieść wigilijna (tyt. oryg. A Christmas Carol) – opowiadanie Karola Dickensa nawiązujące do Wigilii Bożego Narodzenia. Książka ukazała się po raz pierwszy w grudniu 1843 roku, z ilustracjami Johna Leecha. Tłumaczona wielokrotnie i wydawana jako Opowieść wigilijna (częściej) lub zgodnie z oryginalnym tytułem jako Kolęda prozą. Opowiadanie Karola Dickensa jest moralitetem w stylu wiktoriańskim. Pokazuje głębokie doświadczenie i przemianę skąpca Ebenezera Scrooge’a, zachodzącą w czasie nocy wigilijnej. Jest on samotnikiem, nielubiącym ludzi, a dbającym jedynie o pomnażanie swojego majątku. W noc wigilijną ukazuje mu się duch Jakuba Marleya – jego zmarłego partnera w interesach, cierpiącego pod ciężarem łańcucha win, który wykuł sobie za życia. Ta wizyta ma uchronić Scrooge’a przed podobnym losem. Początkowo nieufny, Ebenezer zmienia zdanie pod wpływem wizyt kolejnych duchów: Ducha Dawnych Świąt Bożego Narodzenia, Ducha Obecnych Świąt i Ducha Świąt przyszłych. Pokazują one bohaterowi sceny z jego życia przeszłego, teraźniejszego i przyszłego. Przerażony wizją samotnej śmierci, Scrooge pojmuje beznadziejność takiego trybu życia i nastawienia do innych ludzi, staje się z powrotem szczodrym, serdecznym człowiekiem, jakim był za młodu, przed śmiercią siostry, jedynej jak się zdawało osoby, która kiedykolwiek się o niego troszczyła. Opowieść wigilijna była niespodziewanym sukcesem Karola Dickensa. Napisał on ją przede wszystkim z zamiarem spłacenia swoich długów.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol (\"Een Kerstvertelling\") (volledige titel: A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost Story of Christmas) is een novelle van Charles Dickens. A Christmas Carol verscheen op 19 december 1843 en was uitverkocht op de 22e. De eerste versie was geïllustreerd door John Leech. Het boek was onmiddellijk een succes met een verkoop van 6000 exemplaren binnen een week. Het boek kwam uit in een periode dat de oude tradities van Kerstmis steeds minder in ere werden gehouden, en nieuwe zoals kerstkaarten hun intrede deden. A Christmas Carol sloeg mede daardoor mogelijk aan. De thema\\'s van het verhaal, sociaal onrecht en armoede, de relatie daartussen en hun oorzaken en gevolgen, zijn terugkerende thema\\'s in Dickens\\' werk. De illustrator van de eerste editie, John Leech, was ook een politiek radicale kunstenaar.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost-Story of Christmas (wörtlich Ein Weihnachtslied in Prosa, oder Eine Geistergeschichte zum Christfest, deutsch meist Eine Weihnachtsgeschichte) ist eine der bekanntesten Erzählungen von Charles Dickens. Sie wurde im Dezember 1843 mit Illustrationen von John Leech erstmals veröffentlicht. Die Erzählung handelt von Ebenezer Scrooge, einem alten, grantigen Geizhals, der in einer einzigen Nacht zunächst Besuch von seinem verstorbenen Teilhaber Jacob Marley und dann von drei weiteren Geistern erhält, die ihm schließlich dazu verhelfen, sein Leben zu ändern. Das Buch enthält stark sozialkritische Töne, mit denen Dickens die Missstände im England des 19. Jahrhunderts anprangern wollte.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『クリスマス・キャロル』（原題：A Christmas Carol）は、英国の文豪ディケンズの中編小説。1843年12月19日に出版。「クリスマス・ブックス」の第1作 守銭奴のスクルージがクリスマス・イヴに超自然的な体験をし、それがもとで改心する。クリスマス・ストーリーの中では最も有名なもので、広範囲な読者を獲得し、ディケンズを世界的に有名な作家としたことでも記念碑的な中編である。 原作は英国で出版され、原文は英語である。出版社はロンドンのチャップマン・アンド・ホールで、ハードカバーとペーパーバックの二つの形態で出版され、挿絵画家ジョン・リーチによる彩色挿絵入りである。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《小氣財神》或譯《聖誕頌歌》又譯《聖誕述異》（原文A Christmas Carol，書名全文則為A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being A Ghost Story of Christmas）是查爾斯·狄更斯的聖誕系列小作品，1843年12月19日初版，由約翰·李奇（John Leech）負責插畫。狄更斯最初寫這本書的動機只不過是為了解決燃眉之急的債務，未料甫出版即造成轟動，於短短一周內初版的六千冊就狂售一空。至今它已是史上最廣受喜愛的聖誕故事之一，在世界各地不斷地以各種語言再版，並多次被改編為電視劇、電影、及舞台劇和3D動畫芭比之聖誕歡歌等，在聖誕季節播放演出，流行的程度歷久不衰。《小氣財神》其實是寫於一個舊有聖誕傳統逐漸式微的年代；然而由於本書的廣受歡迎，使聖誕節及其蘊涵的精神情操再次得到人們的重視。與狄更斯同時代的英國詩人兼幽默大師托馬斯·胡德（Thomas Hood）在一篇發表於1844年1月的書評中曾如是說：「如果說聖誕節那古老溫馨好客的傳統及它所建立社會慈善的風尚正面臨傾頹的危機，那麼能夠作為中流砥柱力挽此一狂瀾者，也就是本書了。」', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'أنشودة عيد الميلاد (بالإنجليزية: A Christmas Carol) وهي رواية قصيرة للكاتب الإنجليزي تشارلز ديكنز في سنة 1843، وكما تعد من أشهر روايات ديكنز. تعد الشخصيات الرئيسية في قصة ” ترنيمة عيد الميلاد ” إبينيزار سكروجK وعائلة كراتشيت وتاينى تيم وشبح مارلى وأرواح عيد الميلاد الثلاث. والقصة تصور بطريقة مسرحية تحول ابن عزير من عجوز متذمر شحيح إلى شخص كريم دافئ القلب.ودخلت كلمة “سكروج” منذ ذلك الحين في اللغة الإنجليزية كمصطلح يصف البخيل. فسكروج يعتبر عيد الميلاد “هراء”, ويرفض أن يعتبره من الأعياد.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"A Christmas Carol Un chant de Noël (A Christmas Carol), également publié en français sous les titres Cantique de Noël, Chanson de Noël ou Conte de Noël, est le premier et le plus célèbre des contes écrits par Charles Dickens. Rédigé en même temps que Martin Chuzzlewit et paru en décembre 1843 chez Chapman and Hall avec des illustrations de John Leech, il est considéré comme « son œuvre la plus parfaite ». Aussitôt, Thackeray le salue comme un « bienfait national ». Acclamé par les critiques comme par le public, sa popularité n'a jamais faibli. Son protagoniste, Scrooge, reste sans doute le personnage dickensien le plus universellement connu et, grâce à ce livre, Dickens, incarné en une sorte de Père Noël pour le monde anglo-saxon, a été décrit comme l'« inventeur » de la fête qui lui est associée. Pourtant, c'est d'abord une réponse à des controverses d'ordre économique qu'il a voulu apporter. Mais très vite le conte s'est donné à lire comme affirmation des célébrations de Noël plutôt que pamphlet polémique, et, selon David Paroissien, qui lui attribue jusqu'au mérite d'avoir « sauvé les congés de fin d'année des griffes de sombres Calvinistes », il a été promu au rang de « classique de la littérature de Noël des temps modernes ». Les adaptations dont il a constamment fait l'objet depuis sa parution témoignent de l'universalité de son message. D'abord le théâtre, puis la scène du music-hall, la radio, la télévision et le cinéma, mais aussi la chanson de variété et la musique classique, le ballet comme la science-fiction, tous lui rendent hommage en une suite interrompue dont l'examen reflète l'évolution des goûts et des mentalités depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Il Canto di Natale (A Christmas Carol: A Goblin Story of Some Bells that Rang an Old Year Out and a New Year In), noto anche come Cantico di Natale, Ballata di Natale o Racconto di Natale, è un romanzo breve di genere fantastico del 1843 di Charles Dickens (1812-1870), di cui è una delle opere più famose e popolari. È il più importante della serie dei Libri di Natale (The Christmas Books), una serie di storie che include anche Le campane (The Chimes, 1845), Il grillo del focolare (The Cricket on the Hearth, 1845), La battaglia della vita (The Battle for Life, 1846) e Il patto col fantasma (The Haunted Man, 1848). Il romanzo è uno degli esempi di critica di Dickens della società ed è anche una delle più famose e commoventi storie sul Natale nel mondo.Narra della conversione dell'arido e tirchio Ebenezer Scrooge visitato nella notte di Natale da tre spiriti (il Natale del passato, del presente e del futuro), preceduti da un'ammonizione dello spettro del defunto amico e collega Jacob Marley. Il Canto unisce al gusto del racconto gotico l'impegno nella lotta alla povertà e allo sfruttamento minorile, attaccando l'analfabetismo: problemi esasperati apparentemente proprio dalla Poor Law (Legge contro la povertà), comodo tappabuchi tanto inefficace quanto dannoso ideato dalle classi abbienti.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost-Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall on 19 December 1843. The novella met with instant success and critical acclaim. A Christmas Carol tells the story of a bitter old miser named Ebenezer Scrooge and his transformation into a gentler, kindlier man after visitations by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come. The book was written at a time when the British were examining and exploring Christmas traditions from the past as well as new customs such as Christmas cards and Christmas trees. Carol singing took a new lease on life during this time. Dickens's sources for the tale appear to be many and varied, but are, principally, the humiliating experiences of his childhood, his sympathy for the poor, and various Christmas stories and fairy tales. A Christmas Carol remains popular—having never been out of print—and has been adapted many times to film, stage, opera, and other media.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol é um livro da autoria de Charles Dickens. Com várias traduções em Português, sendo uma delas Um Conto de Natal, o livro foi escrito em menos de um mês originalmente para pagar dívidas, mas tornou-se um dos maiores clássicos natalinos de todos os tempos e uma das mais célebres obras de Dickens. O autor descreveu-o como o seu \"livrinho de Natal\", e foi primeiramente publicado em 19 de dezembro de 1843, com ilustrações de John Leech. A história transformou-se instantaneamente num sucesso, vendendo mais de seis mil cópias apenas numa semana.', 'lang': 'pt'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/illustrator': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Leech_(caricaturist)'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/literaryGenre': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Social_criticism'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Parable'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Morality_play'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ghost_story'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Novella'}], 'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol. In Prose. 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De eerste versie was geïllustreerd door John Leech. Het boek was onmiddellijk een succes met een verkoop van 6000 exemplaren binnen een week.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Il Canto di Natale (A Christmas Carol: A Goblin Story of Some Bells that Rang an Old Year Out and a New Year In), noto anche come Cantico di Natale, Ballata di Natale o Racconto di Natale, è un romanzo breve di genere fantastico del 1843 di Charles Dickens (1812-1870), di cui è una delle opere più famose e popolari. È il più importante della serie dei Libri di Natale (The Christmas Books), una serie di storie che include anche Le campane (The Chimes, 1845), Il grillo del focolare (The Cricket on the Hearth, 1845), La battaglia della vita (The Battle for Life, 1846) e Il patto col fantasma (The Haunted Man, 1848).', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『クリスマス・キャロル』（原題：A Christmas Carol）は、英国の文豪ディケンズの中編小説。1843年12月19日に出版。「クリスマス・ブックス」の第1作守銭奴のスクルージがクリスマス・イヴに超自然的な体験をし、それがもとで改心する。クリスマス・ストーリーの中では最も有名なもので、広範囲な読者を獲得し、ディケンズを世界的に有名な作家としたことでも記念碑的な中編である。原作は英国で出版され、原文は英語である。出版社はロンドンのチャップマン・アンド・ホールで、ハードカバーとペーパーバックの二つの形態で出版され、挿絵画家ジョン・リーチによる彩色挿絵入りである。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol é um livro da autoria de Charles Dickens. Com várias traduções em Português, sendo uma delas Um Conto de Natal, o livro foi escrito em menos de um mês originalmente para pagar dívidas, mas tornou-se um dos maiores clássicos natalinos de todos os tempos e uma das mais célebres obras de Dickens. O autor descreveu-o como o seu \"livrinho de Natal\", e foi primeiramente publicado em 19 de dezembro de 1843, com ilustrações de John Leech. A história transformou-se instantaneamente num sucesso, vendendo mais de seis mil cópias apenas numa semana.', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"A Christmas CarolUn chant de Noël (A Christmas Carol), également publié en français sous les titres Cantique de Noël, Chanson de Noël ou Conte de Noël, est le premier et le plus célèbre des contes écrits par Charles Dickens. Rédigé en même temps que Martin Chuzzlewit et paru en décembre 1843 chez Chapman and Hall avec des illustrations de John Leech, il est considéré comme « son œuvre la plus parfaite ». Aussitôt, Thackeray le salue comme un « bienfait national ». Acclamé par les critiques comme par le public, sa popularité n'a jamais faibli. Son protagoniste, Scrooge, reste sans doute le personnage dickensien le plus universellement connu et, grâce à ce livre, Dickens, incarné en une sorte de Père Noël pour le monde anglo-saxon, a été décrit comme l'« inventeur » de la fête qui lui est as\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'أنشودة عيد الميلاد (بالإنجليزية: A Christmas Carol) وهي رواية قصيرة للكاتب الإنجليزي تشارلز ديكنز في سنة 1843، وكما تعد من أشهر روايات ديكنز. تعد الشخصيات الرئيسية في قصة ” ترنيمة عيد الميلاد ” إبينيزار سكروجK وعائلة كراتشيت وتاينى تيم وشبح مارلى وأرواح عيد الميلاد الثلاث. والقصة تصور بطريقة مسرحية تحول ابن عزير من عجوز متذمر شحيح إلى شخص كريم دافئ القلب.ودخلت كلمة “سكروج” منذ ذلك الحين في اللغة الإنجليزية كمصطلح يصف البخيل. فسكروج يعتبر عيد الميلاد “هراء”, ويرفض أن يعتبره من الأعياد.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost-Story of Christmas (wörtlich Ein Weihnachtslied in Prosa, oder Eine Geistergeschichte zum Christfest, deutsch meist Eine Weihnachtsgeschichte) ist eine der bekanntesten Erzählungen von Charles Dickens. Sie wurde im Dezember 1843 mit Illustrationen von John Leech erstmals veröffentlicht.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《小氣財神》或譯《聖誕頌歌》又譯《聖誕述異》（原文A Christmas Carol，書名全文則為A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being A Ghost Story of Christmas）是查爾斯·狄更斯的聖誕系列小作品，1843年12月19日初版，由約翰·李奇（John Leech）負責插畫。狄更斯最初寫這本書的動機只不過是為了解決燃眉之急的債務，未料甫出版即造成轟動，於短短一周內初版的六千冊就狂售一空。至今它已是史上最廣受喜愛的聖誕故事之一，在世界各地不斷地以各種語言再版，並多次被改編為電視劇、電影、及舞台劇和3D動畫芭比之聖誕歡歌等，在聖誕季節播放演出，流行的程度歷久不衰。《小氣財神》其實是寫於一個舊有聖誕傳統逐漸式微的年代；然而由於本書的廣受歡迎，使聖誕節及其蘊涵的精神情操再次得到人們的重視。與狄更斯同時代的英國詩人兼幽默大師托馬斯·胡德（Thomas Hood）在一篇發表於1844年1月的書評中曾如是說：「如果說聖誕節那古老溫馨好客的傳統及它所建立社會慈善的風尚正面臨傾頹的危機，那麼能夠作為中流砥柱力挽此一狂瀾者，也就是本書了。」', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost-Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall on 19 December 1843. The novella met with instant success and critical acclaim. A Christmas Carol tells the story of a bitter old miser named Ebenezer Scrooge and his transformation into a gentler, kindlier man after visitations by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come.', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '«Рождественская песнь в про́зе: свя́точный расска́з с привиде́ниями» (англ. A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost Story of Christmas), обычно называемая просто «Рожде́ственская песнь» (англ. A Christmas Carol) — повесть британского писателя Чарльза Диккенса, вышедшая в 1843 году. Состоит из пяти глав, называемых автором «строфами».Одна из «Рождественских повестей» Диккенса, ставшая одним из самых популярных рассказов о Рождестве в Великобритании и за её пределами.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Canción de Navidad, Cuento de Navidad o El cántico de Navidad, cuyo título original en inglés es A Christmas Carol, es una novela corta escrita por el británico Charles Dickens y publicada originalmente por Chapman & Hall el 19 de diciembre de 1843. Cuenta la historia de un hombre avaro y egoísta llamado Ebenezer Scrooge y su transformación tras ser visitado por una serie de fantasmas en Nochebuena. La novela consiguió un inmediato éxito y el aplauso de la crítica.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Opowieść wigilijna (tyt. oryg. A Christmas Carol) – opowiadanie Karola Dickensa nawiązujące do Wigilii Bożego Narodzenia. Książka ukazała się po raz pierwszy w grudniu 1843 roku, z ilustracjami Johna Leecha. Tłumaczona wielokrotnie i wydawana jako Opowieść wigilijna (częściej) lub zgodnie z oryginalnym tytułem jako Kolęda prozą.Opowieść wigilijna była niespodziewanym sukcesem Karola Dickensa. 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A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost Story of Christmas), обычно называемая просто «Рожде́ственская песнь» (англ. A Christmas Carol) — повесть британского писателя Чарльза Диккенса, вышедшая в 1843 году. Состоит из пяти глав, называемых автором «строфами».Одна из «Рождественских повестей» Диккенса, ставшая одним из самых популярных рассказов о Рождестве в Великобритании и за её пределами.', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Canción de Navidad, Cuento de Navidad o El cántico de Navidad, cuyo título original en inglés es A Christmas Carol, es una novela corta escrita por el británico Charles Dickens y publicada originalmente por Chapman & Hall el 19 de diciembre de 1843. Cuenta la historia de un hombre avaro y egoísta llamado Ebenezer Scrooge y su transformación tras ser visitado por una serie de fantasmas en Nochebuena. La novela consiguió un inmediato éxito y el aplauso de la crítica. El libro fue escrito y publicado durante la época victoriana, un tiempo en el que existía una gran nostalgia por las viejas tradiciones navideñas unida a la introducción de nuevas costumbres como los árboles de Navidad o las tarjetas de felicitación. Las inspiraciones de Dickens para escribir la novela parecen ser muchas y variadas, pero las principales son las tristes y humillantes experiencias de su infancia, su simpatía por los pobres, y varios relatos navideños y cuentos de hadas. La novela ha sido vista por la crítica como una condena del capitalismo industrial del siglo XIX. También se ha considerado que contribuyó a la restauración de la Navidad como una época de celebración y festividad en el Reino Unido y Estados Unidos tras un periodo más sobrio y sombrío. El libro sigue siendo popular, ya que nunca ha dejado de publicarse y ha sido adaptado en numerosas ocasiones al cine, al teatro, la televisión y otros medios. A mediados del siglo XIX, un interés nostálgico por las antiguas tradiciones navideñas recorrió la Inglaterra victoriana tras la publicación de tres influyentes obras: Some Ancient Christmas Carols (1822), de Davies Gilbert; The Book of Christmas (1837), de Thomas Kibble Hervey; y Selection of Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern (1833), de William Sandys. Este interés fue estimulado también por el príncipe Alberto, consorte de la reina Victoria, que era de origen alemán y popularizó el árbol de Navidad alemán tras su matrimonio en 1841, la primera tarjeta navideña en 1843 y un resurgimiento del canto de villancicos (carols). El estudio de las tradiciones navideñas por parte de Hervey atribuyó su olvido a los desfavorables cambios sociales y a la urbanización (crecimiento de las ciudades) en Inglaterra. La novela de Dickens fue una de las principales influencias en el resurgimiento de las viejas tradiciones navideñas en Inglaterra, pero a la vez que transmite imágenes y sentimientos de optimismo, alegría, calidez y vida, también transmite elementos de oscuridad, desesperanza, frialdad, tristeza y muerte. El propio protagonista, Scrooge, es la personificación del invierno y, al igual que el invierno es sucedido por la primavera y el resurgimiento de la vida, el corazón duro, frío y triste de Scrooge es restaurado a la alegría y la buena voluntad que conoció en su infancia y juventud.', 'lang': 'es'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Opowieść wigilijna (tyt. oryg. A Christmas Carol) – opowiadanie Karola Dickensa nawiązujące do Wigilii Bożego Narodzenia. Książka ukazała się po raz pierwszy w grudniu 1843 roku, z ilustracjami Johna Leecha. Tłumaczona wielokrotnie i wydawana jako Opowieść wigilijna (częściej) lub zgodnie z oryginalnym tytułem jako Kolęda prozą. Opowiadanie Karola Dickensa jest moralitetem w stylu wiktoriańskim. Pokazuje głębokie doświadczenie i przemianę skąpca Ebenezera Scrooge’a, zachodzącą w czasie nocy wigilijnej. Jest on samotnikiem, nielubiącym ludzi, a dbającym jedynie o pomnażanie swojego majątku. W noc wigilijną ukazuje mu się duch Jakuba Marleya – jego zmarłego partnera w interesach, cierpiącego pod ciężarem łańcucha win, który wykuł sobie za życia. Ta wizyta ma uchronić Scrooge’a przed podobnym losem. Początkowo nieufny, Ebenezer zmienia zdanie pod wpływem wizyt kolejnych duchów: Ducha Dawnych Świąt Bożego Narodzenia, Ducha Obecnych Świąt i Ducha Świąt przyszłych. Pokazują one bohaterowi sceny z jego życia przeszłego, teraźniejszego i przyszłego. Przerażony wizją samotnej śmierci, Scrooge pojmuje beznadziejność takiego trybu życia i nastawienia do innych ludzi, staje się z powrotem szczodrym, serdecznym człowiekiem, jakim był za młodu, przed śmiercią siostry, jedynej jak się zdawało osoby, która kiedykolwiek się o niego troszczyła. Opowieść wigilijna była niespodziewanym sukcesem Karola Dickensa. Napisał on ją przede wszystkim z zamiarem spłacenia swoich długów.', 'lang': 'pl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol (\"Een Kerstvertelling\") (volledige titel: A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost Story of Christmas) is een novelle van Charles Dickens. A Christmas Carol verscheen op 19 december 1843 en was uitverkocht op de 22e. De eerste versie was geïllustreerd door John Leech. Het boek was onmiddellijk een succes met een verkoop van 6000 exemplaren binnen een week. Het boek kwam uit in een periode dat de oude tradities van Kerstmis steeds minder in ere werden gehouden, en nieuwe zoals kerstkaarten hun intrede deden. A Christmas Carol sloeg mede daardoor mogelijk aan. De thema\\'s van het verhaal, sociaal onrecht en armoede, de relatie daartussen en hun oorzaken en gevolgen, zijn terugkerende thema\\'s in Dickens\\' werk. De illustrator van de eerste editie, John Leech, was ook een politiek radicale kunstenaar.', 'lang': 'nl'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost-Story of Christmas (wörtlich Ein Weihnachtslied in Prosa, oder Eine Geistergeschichte zum Christfest, deutsch meist Eine Weihnachtsgeschichte) ist eine der bekanntesten Erzählungen von Charles Dickens. Sie wurde im Dezember 1843 mit Illustrationen von John Leech erstmals veröffentlicht. Die Erzählung handelt von Ebenezer Scrooge, einem alten, grantigen Geizhals, der in einer einzigen Nacht zunächst Besuch von seinem verstorbenen Teilhaber Jacob Marley und dann von drei weiteren Geistern erhält, die ihm schließlich dazu verhelfen, sein Leben zu ändern. Das Buch enthält stark sozialkritische Töne, mit denen Dickens die Missstände im England des 19. Jahrhunderts anprangern wollte.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '『クリスマス・キャロル』（原題：A Christmas Carol）は、英国の文豪ディケンズの中編小説。1843年12月19日に出版。「クリスマス・ブックス」の第1作 守銭奴のスクルージがクリスマス・イヴに超自然的な体験をし、それがもとで改心する。クリスマス・ストーリーの中では最も有名なもので、広範囲な読者を獲得し、ディケンズを世界的に有名な作家としたことでも記念碑的な中編である。 原作は英国で出版され、原文は英語である。出版社はロンドンのチャップマン・アンド・ホールで、ハードカバーとペーパーバックの二つの形態で出版され、挿絵画家ジョン・リーチによる彩色挿絵入りである。', 'lang': 'ja'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': '《小氣財神》或譯《聖誕頌歌》又譯《聖誕述異》（原文A Christmas Carol，書名全文則為A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being A Ghost Story of Christmas）是查爾斯·狄更斯的聖誕系列小作品，1843年12月19日初版，由約翰·李奇（John Leech）負責插畫。狄更斯最初寫這本書的動機只不過是為了解決燃眉之急的債務，未料甫出版即造成轟動，於短短一周內初版的六千冊就狂售一空。至今它已是史上最廣受喜愛的聖誕故事之一，在世界各地不斷地以各種語言再版，並多次被改編為電視劇、電影、及舞台劇和3D動畫芭比之聖誕歡歌等，在聖誕季節播放演出，流行的程度歷久不衰。《小氣財神》其實是寫於一個舊有聖誕傳統逐漸式微的年代；然而由於本書的廣受歡迎，使聖誕節及其蘊涵的精神情操再次得到人們的重視。與狄更斯同時代的英國詩人兼幽默大師托馬斯·胡德（Thomas Hood）在一篇發表於1844年1月的書評中曾如是說：「如果說聖誕節那古老溫馨好客的傳統及它所建立社會慈善的風尚正面臨傾頹的危機，那麼能夠作為中流砥柱力挽此一狂瀾者，也就是本書了。」', 'lang': 'zh'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'أنشودة عيد الميلاد (بالإنجليزية: A Christmas Carol) وهي رواية قصيرة للكاتب الإنجليزي تشارلز ديكنز في سنة 1843، وكما تعد من أشهر روايات ديكنز. تعد الشخصيات الرئيسية في قصة ” ترنيمة عيد الميلاد ” إبينيزار سكروجK وعائلة كراتشيت وتاينى تيم وشبح مارلى وأرواح عيد الميلاد الثلاث. والقصة تصور بطريقة مسرحية تحول ابن عزير من عجوز متذمر شحيح إلى شخص كريم دافئ القلب.ودخلت كلمة “سكروج” منذ ذلك الحين في اللغة الإنجليزية كمصطلح يصف البخيل. فسكروج يعتبر عيد الميلاد “هراء”, ويرفض أن يعتبره من الأعياد.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"A Christmas Carol Un chant de Noël (A Christmas Carol), également publié en français sous les titres Cantique de Noël, Chanson de Noël ou Conte de Noël, est le premier et le plus célèbre des contes écrits par Charles Dickens. Rédigé en même temps que Martin Chuzzlewit et paru en décembre 1843 chez Chapman and Hall avec des illustrations de John Leech, il est considéré comme « son œuvre la plus parfaite ». Aussitôt, Thackeray le salue comme un « bienfait national ». Acclamé par les critiques comme par le public, sa popularité n'a jamais faibli. Son protagoniste, Scrooge, reste sans doute le personnage dickensien le plus universellement connu et, grâce à ce livre, Dickens, incarné en une sorte de Père Noël pour le monde anglo-saxon, a été décrit comme l'« inventeur » de la fête qui lui est associée. Pourtant, c'est d'abord une réponse à des controverses d'ordre économique qu'il a voulu apporter. Mais très vite le conte s'est donné à lire comme affirmation des célébrations de Noël plutôt que pamphlet polémique, et, selon David Paroissien, qui lui attribue jusqu'au mérite d'avoir « sauvé les congés de fin d'année des griffes de sombres Calvinistes », il a été promu au rang de « classique de la littérature de Noël des temps modernes ». Les adaptations dont il a constamment fait l'objet depuis sa parution témoignent de l'universalité de son message. D'abord le théâtre, puis la scène du music-hall, la radio, la télévision et le cinéma, mais aussi la chanson de variété et la musique classique, le ballet comme la science-fiction, tous lui rendent hommage en une suite interrompue dont l'examen reflète l'évolution des goûts et des mentalités depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Il Canto di Natale (A Christmas Carol: A Goblin Story of Some Bells that Rang an Old Year Out and a New Year In), noto anche come Cantico di Natale, Ballata di Natale o Racconto di Natale, è un romanzo breve di genere fantastico del 1843 di Charles Dickens (1812-1870), di cui è una delle opere più famose e popolari. È il più importante della serie dei Libri di Natale (The Christmas Books), una serie di storie che include anche Le campane (The Chimes, 1845), Il grillo del focolare (The Cricket on the Hearth, 1845), La battaglia della vita (The Battle for Life, 1846) e Il patto col fantasma (The Haunted Man, 1848). Il romanzo è uno degli esempi di critica di Dickens della società ed è anche una delle più famose e commoventi storie sul Natale nel mondo.Narra della conversione dell'arido e tirchio Ebenezer Scrooge visitato nella notte di Natale da tre spiriti (il Natale del passato, del presente e del futuro), preceduti da un'ammonizione dello spettro del defunto amico e collega Jacob Marley. Il Canto unisce al gusto del racconto gotico l'impegno nella lotta alla povertà e allo sfruttamento minorile, attaccando l'analfabetismo: problemi esasperati apparentemente proprio dalla Poor Law (Legge contro la povertà), comodo tappabuchi tanto inefficace quanto dannoso ideato dalle classi abbienti.\", 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost-Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall on 19 December 1843. The novella met with instant success and critical acclaim. A Christmas Carol tells the story of a bitter old miser named Ebenezer Scrooge and his transformation into a gentler, kindlier man after visitations by the ghost of his former business partner Jacob Marley and the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present and Yet to Come. The book was written at a time when the British were examining and exploring Christmas traditions from the past as well as new customs such as Christmas cards and Christmas trees. Carol singing took a new lease on life during this time. Dickens's sources for the tale appear to be many and varied, but are, principally, the humiliating experiences of his childhood, his sympathy for the poor, and various Christmas stories and fairy tales. A Christmas Carol remains popular—having never been out of print—and has been adapted many times to film, stage, opera, and other media.\", 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol é um livro da autoria de Charles Dickens. Com várias traduções em Português, sendo uma delas Um Conto de Natal, o livro foi escrito em menos de um mês originalmente para pagar dívidas, mas tornou-se um dos maiores clássicos natalinos de todos os tempos e uma das mais célebres obras de Dickens. O autor descreveu-o como o seu \"livrinho de Natal\", e foi primeiramente publicado em 19 de dezembro de 1843, com ilustrações de John Leech. A história transformou-se instantaneamente num sucesso, vendendo mais de seis mil cópias apenas numa semana.', 'lang': 'pt'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/illustrator': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Leech_(caricaturist)'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/literaryGenre': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Social_criticism'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Parable'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Morality_play'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ghost_story'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Novella'}], 'http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'A Christmas Carol. In Prose. 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A Fairy Tale of Home) هي رواية قصيرة بقلم تشارلز ديكنز، والتي نشرتها دار برادبري وايفانز، وصدرت في 20 ديسمبر 1845 مع الرسوم التوضيحية بريشة دانيال ماكليس وجون ليتش وريتشارد دويل وكلاركسون ستانفيلد وإدوين هنري لاندسير. بدأ ديكنز بكتابة القصة في 17 أكتوبر 1845 وانتهى في 1 ديسمبر من تلك السنة. مثل كل من كتب عيد الميلاد لديكنز، فقد نشرها في شكل كتاب، وليس كمسلسل كما فعل في أغلب رواياته.', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Cricket on the Hearth: A Fairy Tale of Home (pt.: O Grilo da Lareira) é um romance de Charles Dickens, publicado pela editora Bradbury and Evans e lançado a 20 de dezembro de 1845 com ilustrações de Daneil Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfeild e Edwin Landseer . Dickens começou a escrever o livro por volta do dia 17 de outubro de 1845 e terminou-o a 1 de dezembro do mesmo ano. Como é o caso de todos os livros de Natal de Charles Dickens, este foi publicado diretamente em formato de livro e não foi lançado em série. Dickens descreveu o romance como \"calmo e doméstico [...] inocente e bonito\". É o terceiro de cinco livros de Natal de Dickens, os restantes são: A Christmas Carol (1843), The Chimes (1844), The Battle of Life (1846) e The Haunted Man and the Ghost\\'s Bargain', 'lang': 'pt'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Das Heimchen am Herde, Originaltitel The Cricket on the Hearth, ist eine Erzählung von Charles Dickens aus dem Jahr 1845.Die Novelle gehört zu den fünf Weihnachtsgeschichten, die Dickens in den Jahren 1843 bis 1847 jeweils zu Weihnachten als eigenständige Bücher veröffentlichte. Die bekannteste ist A Christmas Carol aus dem Jahr 1843, gefolgt von Chimes (1844) und The Cricket on the Hearth als dritter Band. Im Jahr 1846 folgte The Battle of Life und 1847 The Haunted Man.Cricket on the Hearth ist eine Geschichte über das Glück, das die Grillen im Ofen bringen sollen.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Cricket on the Hearth: A Fairy Tale of Home is a novella by Charles Dickens, published by Bradbury and Evans, and released 20 December 1845 with illustrations by Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield and Edwin Henry Landseer. Dickens began writing the book around 17 October 1845 and finished it by 1 December. Like all of Dickens\\'s Christmas books, it was published in book form, not as a serial. Dickens described the novel as \"quiet and domestic [...] innocent and pretty.\" It is subdivided into chapters called \"Chirps\", similar to the \"Quarters\" of The Chimes or the \"Staves\" of A Christmas Carol. It is the third of Dickens\\'s five Christmas books, preceded by A Christmas Carol (1843) and The Chimes (1844), and followed by The Battle of Life (1846) and The Haunted ', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Il grillo del focolare è un romanzo breve di Charles Dickens del 1845. È li terzo dei cinque libri natalizi dello scrittore, le cui illustrazioni originali vennero disegnate da Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield e Edward Landseer. È suddiviso in capitoli.La novella si svolge attorno alle vicende di persone umili, è appunto una favola domestica, come dichiara il sottotitolo.', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Le Grillon du foyer (titre original : The Cricket on the Hearth. A Fairy Tale of Home) est une nouvelle de Charles Dickens parue le 20 décembre 1845, avec des illustrations de Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield et Edwin Henry Landseer.C'est le troisième des cinq contes de Noël de Dickens, les autres étant Un chant de Noël (A Christmas Carol, 1843), The Chimes (1844), La Bataille de la vie (The Battle of Life, 1846), et The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain (1848), et c'est un des plus populaires.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Это статья о повести. Статью о фильме см. Сверчок за очагом«Сверчок за очагом. Семейная сказка» (англ. The Cricket on the Hearth. A Fairy Tale of Home) — повесть Чарльза Диккенса, написанная в период с 17 октября по 1 декабря 1845 года. Входит в состав «Рождественских повестей» Диккенса.Повесть состоит из трёх глав, называемых «песенками» (англ. chirps), подобно тому, как в «Рождественской песни» части именуются «строфами».', 'lang': 'ru'}], 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://fr.dbpedia.org/resource/Le_Grillon_du_foyer_(nouvelle)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.04pwz4'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://de.dbpedia.org/resource/Das_Heimchen_am_Herde'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://pt.dbpedia.org/resource/The_Cricket_on_the_Hearth'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://yago-knowledge.org/resource/The_Cricket_on_the_Hearth'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://it.dbpedia.org/resource/Il_grillo_del_focolare'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://wikidata.dbpedia.org/resource/Q825220'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q825220'}], 'http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cricket_on_the_Hearth?oldid=688269572'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract': [{'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Это статья о повести. Статью о фильме см. Сверчок за очагом«Сверчок за очагом. Семейная сказка» (англ. The Cricket on the Hearth. A Fairy Tale of Home) — повесть Чарльза Диккенса, написанная в период с 17 октября по 1 декабря 1845 года. Входит в состав «Рождественских повестей» Диккенса.Повесть состоит из трёх глав, называемых «песенками» (англ. chirps), подобно тому, как в «Рождественской песни» части именуются «строфами».', 'lang': 'ru'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Il grillo del focolare è un romanzo breve di Charles Dickens del 1845. È li terzo dei cinque libri natalizi dello scrittore, le cui illustrazioni originali vennero disegnate da Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield e Edward Landseer. È suddiviso in capitoli. Dickens cominciò la stesura della novella il 17 ottobre circa, e la terminò il primo dicembre 1845. Come lo scrittore usava fare, la novella fu dapprima pubblicata in forma di libro e non di serie a puntate, da Bradbury and Evans, il 20 dicembre dello stesso anno. Lo stesso Dickens definì il racconto \"calmo e domestico... innocente e carino\" (quiet and domestic... innocent and pretty). La novella si svolge attorno alle vicende di persone umili, è appunto una favola domestica, come dichiara il sottotitolo.', 'lang': 'it'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'صرار الليل على الموقد: خرافة عن الوطن (بالإنجليزية: The Cricket on the Hearth. A Fairy Tale of Home) هي رواية قصيرة بقلم تشارلز ديكنز، والتي نشرتها دار برادبري وايفانز، وصدرت في 20 ديسمبر 1845 مع الرسوم التوضيحية بريشة دانيال ماكليس وجون ليتش وريتشارد دويل وكلاركسون ستانفيلد وإدوين هنري لاندسير. بدأ ديكنز بكتابة القصة في 17 أكتوبر 1845 وانتهى في 1 ديسمبر من تلك السنة. مثل كل من كتب عيد الميلاد لديكنز، فقد نشرها في شكل كتاب، وليس كمسلسل كما فعل في أغلب رواياته. وصفها ديكنز الرواية بأنها \"هادئة وأليفة [...] بريئة وجميلة.\"  وتنقسم إلى فصول تسمى \"تغريدات\"، على غرار \"الأرباع\" في فصة الدقات أو \"العصي\" من أنشودة عيد الميلاد. وهي الثالثة من كتب عيد الميلاد الخمسة لديكنز، وسبقتها أنشودة عيد الميلاد (1843) ودقات الأجراس (1844)، وتلتها معركة الحياة (1846) والرجل المسكون ومساومة الشبح في (1848).', 'lang': 'ar'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': \"Le Grillon du foyer (titre original : The Cricket on the Hearth. A Fairy Tale of Home) est une nouvelle de Charles Dickens parue le 20 décembre 1845, avec des illustrations de Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield et Edwin Henry Landseer. C'est le troisième des cinq contes de Noël de Dickens, les autres étant Un chant de Noël (A Christmas Carol, 1843), The Chimes (1844), La Bataille de la vie (The Battle of Life, 1846), et The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain (1848), et c'est un des plus populaires.\", 'lang': 'fr'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'Das Heimchen am Herde, Originaltitel The Cricket on the Hearth, ist eine Erzählung von Charles Dickens aus dem Jahr 1845. Die Novelle gehört zu den fünf Weihnachtsgeschichten, die Dickens in den Jahren 1843 bis 1847 jeweils zu Weihnachten als eigenständige Bücher veröffentlichte. Die bekannteste ist A Christmas Carol aus dem Jahr 1843, gefolgt von Chimes (1844) und The Cricket on the Hearth als dritter Band. Im Jahr 1846 folgte The Battle of Life und 1847 The Haunted Man. Die Illustrationen stammten im Original von Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield und Edward Landseer. In Anlehnung an den Gesang der Heimchen (Grillen) ist das Werk nicht in Kapitel, sondern in drei von Dickens so genannte „Chirps“ (Zirpen) eingeteilt. Charles Dickens schrieb die Erzählung zwischen dem 17. Oktober und dem 1. Dezember 1845. Danach wurde sie sofort für das Weihnachtsgeschäft veröffentlicht. Cricket on the Hearth ist eine Geschichte über das Glück, das die Grillen im Ofen bringen sollen.', 'lang': 'de'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Cricket on the Hearth: A Fairy Tale of Home is a novella by Charles Dickens, published by Bradbury and Evans, and released 20 December 1845 with illustrations by Daniel Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfield and Edwin Henry Landseer. Dickens began writing the book around 17 October 1845 and finished it by 1 December. Like all of Dickens\\'s Christmas books, it was published in book form, not as a serial. Dickens described the novel as \"quiet and domestic [...] innocent and pretty.\" It is subdivided into chapters called \"Chirps\", similar to the \"Quarters\" of The Chimes or the \"Staves\" of A Christmas Carol. It is the third of Dickens\\'s five Christmas books, preceded by A Christmas Carol (1843) and The Chimes (1844), and followed by The Battle of Life (1846) and The Haunted Man and the Ghost\\'s Bargain (1848).', 'lang': 'en'}, {'type': 'literal', 'value': 'The Cricket on the Hearth: A Fairy Tale of Home (pt.: O Grilo da Lareira) é um romance de Charles Dickens, publicado pela editora Bradbury and Evans e lançado a 20 de dezembro de 1845 com ilustrações de Daneil Maclise, John Leech, Richard Doyle, Clarkson Stanfeild e Edwin Landseer . Dickens começou a escrever o livro por volta do dia 17 de outubro de 1845 e terminou-o a 1 de dezembro do mesmo ano. Como é o caso de todos os livros de Natal de Charles Dickens, este foi publicado diretamente em formato de livro e não foi lançado em série. Dickens descreveu o romance como \"calmo e doméstico [...] inocente e bonito\". É o terceiro de cinco livros de Natal de Dickens, os restantes são: A Christmas Carol (1843), The Chimes (1844), The Battle of Life (1846) e The Haunted Man and the Ghost\\'s Bargain (1848).', 'lang': 'pt'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/author': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Dickens'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/illustrator': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Daniel_Maclise'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Edwin_Henry_Landseer'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Clarkson_Frederick_Stanfield'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Leech_(caricaturist)'}, {'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/Richard_Doyle_(illustrator)'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/previousWork': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 'http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Chimes'}], 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/publisher': [{'type': 'uri', 'value': 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